4-bit

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Bit
1 4 8 12 16 18 24 31 32 36 48 60 64 128 256 512
Application
16 32 64
Floating point precision
×½ ×1 ×2×4
Floating point decimal precision
32 64 128

In computer architecture, 4-bit integers, memory addresses, or other data units are those that are at most 4 bits wide. Also, 4-bit CPU and ALU architectures are those that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size.

Some of the first microprocessors had a 4-bit word length and were developed around 1970. The TMS 1000, the world's first single-chip microprocessor, was a 4-bit CPU; it had a Harvard architecture, with an on-chip instruction ROM with 8-bit-wide instructions and an on-chip data RAM with 4-bit words.[1] The first commercial microprocessor was the binary coded decimal (BCD-based) Intel 4004,[2][3] developed for calculator applications in 1971; it had a 4-bit word length, but had 8-bit instructions and 12-bit addresses.

The Saturn processors, used in calculators such as the commonly used HP-48 scientific calculator, are 4-bit machines; as the Intel 4004 did, they string multiple 4-bit words together, e.g. to form a 20-bit memory address, and most of its registers are 64 bits, storing 16 4-bit digits. Its instructions were 10 bits wide.[4][5][6]

The 1970s saw the emergence of 4-bit software applications for mass markets like pocket calculators.

Details

With 4 bits, it is possible to create 16 different values. All single digit hexadecimal numbers can be written with 4 bits. Binary-coded decimal is a digital encoding method for numbers using decimal notation, with each decimal digit represented by four bits.

Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal
0000 0 0 0
0001 1 1 1
0010 2 2 2
0011 3 3 3
0100 4 4 4
0101 5 5 5
0110 6 6 6
0111 7 7 7
1000 10 8 8
1001 11 9 9
1010 12 10 A
1011 13 11 B
1100 14 12 C
1101 15 13 D
1110 16 14 E
1111 17 15 F

List of 4-bit processors

See also

References

  1. ↑ TMS 1000 Series Data Manual. Texas Instruments. December 1976. Retrieved July 20, 2013. 
  2. ↑ Mack, Pamela E. (30 November 2005). "The Microcomputer Revolution". Retrieved 2009-12-23. 
  3. ↑ History in the Computing Curriculum (PDF). Retrieved 2009-12-23. 
  4. ↑ "HP CPU and Programming". Retrieved January 14, 2014. 
  5. ↑ "Guide to the Saturn Processor". Retrieved January 14, 2014. 
  6. ↑ "Introduction to Saturn Assembly Language". Retrieved January 14, 2014. 
  7. ↑ "MARC4 4-bit Microcontrollers - Programmer's Guide". Atmel. Retrieved January 14, 2014. 
  8. ↑ "MARC4 4-Bit Architecture". Atmel. Archived from the original on May 31, 2009. 
  9. ↑ μPD67, 67A, 68, 68A, 69 4-bit single-chip microcontroller for infrared remote control transmission
  10. ↑ μPD6P9 4-bit single-chip microcontroller for infrared remote control transmission
  11. ↑ μPD17240, 17241, 17242, 17243, 17244, 17245, 17246 4-bit single-chip microcontrollers for small general-purpose infrared remote control transmitters
  12. ↑ Microcontrollers for Remote Controllers
  13. ↑ http://www.necel.com/micro/en/product/mr_48_remocon.html[]

External links

Architecture
Instruction set
Word size
Pipeline
Parallel level
Multithreading
Flynn's taxonomy
Types
Components
Power
management
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