January 30

January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 335 days remaining until the end of the year (336 in leap years).

Events

• 1018 – The Peace of Bautzen is signed between Poland and Germany.
• 1648 – Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.
• 1649 – King Charles I of England is beheaded.
• 1661 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed two years after his death, on the anniversary of the execution of the monarch he himself deposed.
• 1667 – The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth cedes Kiev, Smolensk, and left-bank Ukraine to the Tsardom of Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo.
• 1703 – The Forty-seven Ronin, under the command of Ōishi Kuranosuke, avenge the death of their master.
• 1790 – The first boat specializing as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.
• 1806 – The original Lower Trenton Bridge (also called the Trenton Makes the World Takes Bridge), which spans the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.
• 1820 – Edward Bransfield sights the Trinity Peninsula and claims the discovery of Antarctica.
• 1826 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, considered the world's first modern suspension bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north West coast of Wales, is opened.
• 1835 – In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen.
• 1841 – A fire destroys two-thirds of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
• 1847 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
• 1858 – The first Hallé concert is given in Manchester, England, marking the official founding of The Hallé orchestra as a full-time, professional orchestra.
• 1862 – The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.
• 1889 – Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in the Mayerling.
• 1902 – The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed in London.
• 1908 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is released from prison by Jan C. Smuts after being tried and sentenced to 2 months in jail earlier in the month.
• 1911 – The destroyer USS Terry makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of James McCurdy 10 miles from Havana, Cuba.
• 1911 – The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.
• 1913 – The British House of Lords rejects the Irish Home Rule Bill.
• 1925 – The Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.
• 1933 – Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
• 1942 – World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies.
• 1943 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Rennell Island. The USS Chicago is sunk and a U.S. destroyer is heavily damaged by Japanese torpedoes.
• 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cisterna, part of Operation Shingle, begins in central Italy.
• 1944 – World War II: American troops land on Majuro.
• 1945 – World War II: The Wilhelm Gustloff, overfilled with German refugees, sinks in the Baltic Sea after being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, leading to the deadliest known maritime disaster, killing approximately 9,500 people.
• 1945 – World War II: Raid at Cabanatuan: 126 American Rangers and Filipino resistance fighters liberate over 500 prisoners from the Cabanatuan POW camp.
• 1948 – Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, known for his non-violent freedom struggle, is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.
• 1956 – American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
• 1959 – MS Hans Hedtoft, said to be the safest ship afloat and "unsinkable" like the RMS Titanic, strikes an iceberg on her maiden voyage and sinks, killing all 95 aboard.
• 1960 – The African National Party is founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.
• 1964 – Ranger program: Ranger 6 is launched.
• 1964 – In a bloodless coup, General Nguyễn Khánh overthrows General Dương Văn Minh's military junta in South Vietnam.
• 1965 – Winston Churchill's funeral.
• 1968 – Vietnam War: Tet Offensive launch by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army against South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies.
• 1969 – The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.
• 1971 – Carole King's Tapestry album is released to become the longest charting album by a female solo artist and sell 24 million copies worldwide.
• 1972 – Bloody Sunday: British Paratroopers open fire on and kill fourteen unarmed civil rights/anti-internment marchers in Derry, Northern Ireland.
• 1972 – Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations.
• 1975 – The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is established as the first United States National Marine Sanctuary.
• 1979 – A Varig 707-323C freighter, flown by the same commander as Flight 820, disappears over the Pacific Ocean 30 minutes after taking off from Tokyo.
• 1982 – Richard Skrenta writes the first PC virus code, which is 400 lines long and disguised as an Apple boot program called "Elk Cloner".
• 1989 – The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes.
• 1994 – Péter Lékó becomes the youngest chess grandmaster.
• 1995 – Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.
• 2000 – Off the coast of Ivory Coast, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.

Births

• 58 BC – Livia, Roman wife of Augustus (d. 29)
• 133 – Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (d. 193)
• 1563 – Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)
• 1615 – Thomas Rolfe, American son of Pocahontas (d. 1675)
• 1661 – Charles Rollin, French historian and educator (d. 1741)
• 1697 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flute player and composer (d. 1773)
• 1703 – François Bigot, last "Intendant" of New France (d. 1778)
• 1720 – Charles De Geer, Swedish entomologist (d. 1778)
• 1754 – John Lansing, Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1829)
• 1775 – Walter Savage Landor, English poet (d. 1864)
• 1781 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German botanist and poet (d. 1838)
• 1816 – Nathaniel Prentice Banks, American politician, 24th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1894)
• 1822 – Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist (d. 1899)
• 1832 – Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier (d. 1897)
• 1841 – Félix Faure, French politician, 7th President of France (d. 1899)
• 1846 – Angela of the Cross, Spanish religious worker (d. 1932)
• 1852 – Ion Luca Caragiale, Romanian playwright and poet (d. 1912)
• 1859 – Tony Mullane, Irish-American baseball player (d. 1944)
• 1861 – Charles Martin Loeffler, French-American violinist and composer (d. 1935)
• 1862 – Walter Damrosch, German-American conductor and composer (d. 1950)
• 1864 – James Mitchel, Irish-American weight thrower (d. 1921)
• 1866 – Gelett Burgess, American author, poet, and critic (d. 1951)
• 1873 – Georges Ricard-Cordingley, French painter (d. 1939)
• 1875 – Walter Middelberg, Dutch rower (d. 1944)
• 1878 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian author (d. 1940)
• 1882 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, American politician, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
• 1883 – Peeter Süda, Estonian composer and organist (d.1920)
• 1889 – Jaishankar Prasad, Indian poet and playwright (d. 1937)
• 1890 – Bruno Kastner, German actor (d. 1932)
• 1894 – Boris III of Bulgaria, Tsar of Bulgaria (d. 1943)
• 1899 – Max Theiler, South African virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
• 1901 – Rudolf Caracciola, German race car driver (d. 1959)
• 1902 – Nikolaus Pevsner, German-English historian and scholar (d. 1983)
• 1910 – Chidambaram Subramaniam, Indian politician (d. 2000)
• 1911 – Roy Eldridge, American trumpet player (d. 1989)
• 1912 – Werner Hartmann, German physicist (d. 1988)
• 1912 – Francis Schaeffer, American theologian and pastor (d. 1984)
• 1912 – Barbara W. Tuchman, American historian and author (d. 1989)
• 1913 – Amrita Sher-Gil, Indian painter (d. 1941)
• 1913 – Percy Thrower, English gardener (d. 1988)
• 1914 – Luc-Marie Bayle, French navy officer (d. 2000)
• 1914 – John Ireland, Canadian actor (d. 1992)
• 1914 – David Wayne, American actor (d. 1995)
• 1915 – Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (d. 1976)
• 1915 – John Profumo, English politician (d. 2006)
• 1917 – Paul Frère, Belgian race car driver and journalist (d. 2008)
• 1918 – David Opatoshu, American actor (d. 1996)
• 1919 – Nikolay Glazkov, Russian poet (d. 1979)
• 1919 – Fred Korematsu, Japanese-American activist (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Michael Anderson, English director
• 1920 – Carwood Lipton, American army officer (d. 2001)
• 1920 – Delbert Mann, American director (d. 2007)
• 1922 – Dick Martin, American comedian, actor, and director (d. 2008)
• 1923 – Walt Dropo, American baseball player (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Lloyd Alexander, American author (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Sailor Art Thomas, American wrestler (d. 2003)
• 1925 – Fred Catherwood, British retired politician
• 1925 – Douglas Engelbart, American computer scientist, invented the computer mouse (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Dorothy Malone, American actress
• 1926 – Lizbeth Webb, English soprano and actress (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Ahmed Abdul-Malik, American bassist (d. 1993)
• 1927 – Olof Palme, Swedish politician, 26th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1986)
• 1927 – Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana, Indian dermatologist (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Harold Prince, American director and producer
• 1929 – Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian physician (d. 1996)
• 1930 – Sandy Amorós, Cuban baseball player (d. 1992)
• 1930 – Samuel Byck, American criminal (d. 1974)
• 1930 – Gene Hackman, American actor and author
• 1930 – Jānis Krūmiņš, Latvian basketball player (d. 1994)
• 1930 – Magnus Malan, South African army officer and politician (d. 2011)
• 1931 – John Crosbie, Canadian politician, 12th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland
• 1931 – Allan W. Eckert, American historian and author
• 1931 – Shirley Hazzard, Australian author
• 1932 – Knock Yokoyama, Japanese comedian and politician (d. 2007)
• 1933 – Ted Honderich, Canadian-born British philosopher
• 1933 – Louis Rukeyser, American journalist (d. 2006)
• 1935 – Richard Brautigan, American author and poet (d. 1984)
• 1936 – F. Vernon Boozer, American politician
• 1936 – Patrick Caulfield, English painter (d. 2005)
• 1936 – Horst Jankowski, German pianist (d. 1998)
• 1937 – Ed Hansen, American director and screenwriter (d. 2005)
• 1937 – Vanessa Redgrave, English actress
• 1937 – Boris Spassky, Russian chess player
• 1938 – Islam Karimov, Uzbek politician, 1st President of Uzbekistan
• 1940 – Mitch Murray, English record producer, songwriter and author
• 1941 – Gregory Benford, American astrophysicist and author
• 1941 – Dick Cheney, American politician, 46th Vice President of the United States
• 1941 – Tineke Lagerberg, Dutch swimmer
• 1942 – Marty Balin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship, and KBC Band)
• 1943 – Davey Johnson, American baseball player and manager
• 1944 – Lynn Harrell, American cellist
• 1944 – Colin Rimer, English high-court judge
• 1944 – Gad Tsobari, Israeli wrestler
• 1945 – Michael Dorris, American author (d. 1997)
• 1946 – John Bird, English social entrepreneur
• 1947 – Les Barker, English poet
• 1947 – Steve Marriott, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (Humble Pie and The Small Faces) (d. 1991)
• 1948 – Nick Broomfield, English director
• 1948 – Paul Magee, Irish soldier
• 1948 – Miles Reid, English mathematician
• 1949 – Peter Agre, American physician and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1949 – Jaak Salumets, Estonian basketball player and coach
• 1950 – Ahmed Tijani Ben Omar, Ghanaian-born American Islamic scholar and Imam
• 1950 – Leili Pärnpuu, Estonian chess player
• 1950 – Trinidad Silva, American actor (d. 1988)
• 1951 – Phil Collins, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (Genesis, Brand X, and Flaming Youth)
• 1951 – Charles S. Dutton, American actor and director
• 1951 – Bobby Stokes, English footballer (d. 1995)
• 1952 – Doug Falconer, Canadian football player
• 1953 – Fred Hembeck, American writer and illustrator
• 1955 – John Baldacci, American politician, 73rd Governor of Maine
• 1955 – Tom Izzo, American basketball player and coach
• 1955 – Curtis Strange, American golfer
• 1955 – Judith Tarr, American author
• 1955 – Mychal Thompson, Bahamian basketball player
• 1956 – Jeremy Gittins, English actor
• 1956 – Darko Rundek, Croatian-French singer-songwriter and actor (Haustor)
• 1956 – Keiichi Tsuchiya, Japanese race car driver
• 1957 – Polly Horvath, American-Canadian author
• 1957 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (d. 1999)
• 1958 – Brett Butler, American actress and comedian
• 1959 – Mark Eitzel, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (American Music Club, Toiling Midgets, The Undertow Orchestra, and The Naked Skinnies)
• 1959 – Jody Watley, American singer-songwriter and producer (Shalamar)
• 1960 – Gerald Finley, Canadian baritone
• 1960 – Tony O'Dell, American actor
• 1960 – Alex Titomirov, Russian-born American businessman, co-founded InforMax Inc
• 1961 – Dexter Scott King, American actor
• 1962 – Abdullah II of Jordan, king of the Kingdom of Jordan
• 1963 – Tina Malone, English actress
• 1963 – Daphne Ashbrook, American actress
• 1964 – Otis Smith, American basketball player
• 1965 – Julie McCullough, American model and actress
• 1966 – Neal Chase, American religious educator
• 1966 – Danielle Goyette, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1967 – Jay Gordon, American singer-songwriter and producer (Orgy)
• 1968 – Trevor Dunn, American bass player and songwriter (Mr. Bungle, Secret Chiefs 3, Fantômas, and Tomahawk)
• 1968 – Tony Maudsley, English actor
• 1968 – Felipe, Prince of Asturias
• 1969 – Carolyn Kepcher, American businesswoman
• 1971 – Darren Boyd, English actor
• 1971 – Kimo von Oelhoffen, American football player
• 1972 – Lupillo Rivera, American-Mexican singer
• 1972 – Chris Simon, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1973 – Jalen Rose, American basketball player
• 1974 – Christian Bale, English actor
• 1974 – Olivia Colman, English actress
• 1974 – Jemima Khan, English journalist and activist
• 1975 – Dark Ozz, Mexican wrestler
• 1975 – Juninho Pernambucano, Brazilian footballer
• 1975 – Yumi Yoshimura, Japanese singer and actress (Puffy AmiYumi)
• 1976 – Andy Milonakis, American actor and comedian
• 1977 – Dan Hinote, American ice hockey player
• 1977 – Tom Malchow, American swimmer
• 1977 – Deltha O'Neal, American football player
• 1978 – Carmen Küng, Swiss curler
• 1978 – John Patterson, American baseball player
• 1979 – Trevor Gillies, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1979 – Tarmo Jallai, Estonian hurdler
• 1979 – Wimberg, Estonian writer
• 1980 – João Soares de Almeida Neto, Brazilian footballer
• 1980 – Leilani Dowding, English model
• 1980 – Josh Kelley, American singer-songwriter
• 1980 – Pavel Ponomaryov, Russian-Estonian actor
• 1980 – Georgios Vakouftsis, Greek footballer
• 1980 – Wilmer Valderrama, American actor and producer
• 1981 – Jonathan Bender, American basketball player
• 1981 – Dimitar Berbatov, Bulgarian footballer
• 1981 – Peter Crouch, English footballer
• 1981 – Mathias Lauda, Austrian race car driver
• 1982 – Jorge Cantu, Mexican baseball player
• 1982 – DeSagana Diop, Senegalese basketball player
• 1982 – Mark Nwokeji, English footballer
• 1983 – Ben Maher, English equestrian
• 1983 – Rockstar Spud, English wrestler
• 1984 – Kid Cudi, American rapper, producer, and actor (WZRD)
• 1984 – Jeremy Hermida, American baseball player
• 1985 – Torrey Mitchell, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Trae Williams, American football player
• 1986 – Sam Duckworth, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1986 – Nick Evans, American baseball player
• 1987 – Rebecca Knox, Irish wrestler
• 1987 – Renato Santos, Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Phil Lester, Professional YouTuber and radio presenter
• 1987 – Arda Turan, Turkish footballer
• 1988 – Maksim Krychanov, Russian footballer
• 1988 – Rob Pinkston, American actor
• 1989 – Khleo, American actor and rapper
• 1989 – Tomás Mejías, Spanish footballer
• 1990 – Joe Colborne, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1990 – Eiza González, Mexican singer-songwriter and actress
• 1990 – Nils Miatke, German footballer
• 1990 – Luca Sbisa, Swiss ice hockey player
• 1990 – Jake Thomas, American actor
• 1991 – Stefan Elliott, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1995 – Misaki Iwasa, Japanese singer (AKB48)
• 1995 – Viktoria Komova, Russian gymnast
• 1995 – Thia Megia, American singer
• 2005 – Prince Hashem bin Al Abdullah of Jordan

Deaths

• 680 – Balthild, Frankish queen (b. 626)
• 1030 – William V, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
• 1181 – Emperor Takakura of Japan (b. 1161)
• 1240 – Pelagio Galvani, Leonese cardinal (b. 1165)
• 1314 – Nicholas III of Saint Omer, Co-lord of Thebes, Marshal of Achaea
• 1384 – Louis II, Count of Flanders (b. 1330)
• 1574 – Damião de Góis, Portuguese philosopher (b. 1502)
• 1606 – Everard Digby, English conspirator (b. 1578)
• 1649 – Charles I of England (b. 1600)
• 1730 – Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
• 1836 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress, designed the American Flag (b. 1752)
• 1849 – Jonathan Alder, American farmer (b. 1773)
• 1858 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist (b. 1778)
• 1867 – Emperor Kōmei of Japan (b. 1831)
• 1869 – William Carleton, Irish author (b. 1794)
• 1881 – Arthur O'Shaughnessy, British poet (b. 1844)
• 1889 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (b. 1858)
• 1926 – Barbara La Marr, American actress (b. 1896)
• 1928 – Johannes Fibiger, Danish physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
• 1929 – La Goulue, French dancer (b. 1866)
• 1934 – Frank Nelson Doubleday, American publisher, founded the Doubleday Publishing Company (b. 1862)
• 1937 – Alfred Grütter, Swiss target shooter (b. 1860)
• 1948 – Arthur Coningham, Australian air marshal (b. 1895)
• 1948 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Indian activist (b. 1869)
• 1948 – Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer (b. 1871)
• 1951 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian-German engineer and businessman, founded Porsche (b. 1875)
• 1958 – Jean Crotti, Swiss painter (b. 1878)
• 1958 – Ernst Heinkel, German engineer and businessman, founded the Heinkel Aircraft Company (b. 1888)
• 1962 – Manuel de Abreu, Brazilian physician (b. 1894)
• 1963 – Francis Poulenc, French composer (b. 1899)
• 1966 – Jaan Hargel, Estonian conductor, music teacher, oboe and flute player (b. 1912)
• 1968 – Makhanlal Chaturvedi, Indian poet (b. 1889)
• 1969 – Dominique Pire, Belgian friar, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
• 1974 – Olav Roots, Estonian pianist and composer (b. 1910)
• 1980 – Professor Longhair, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1918)
• 1982 – Lightnin' Hopkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1912)
• 1984 – Luke Kelly, Irish singer and banjo player (The Dubliners) (b. 1940)
• 1984 – Lee McCall, South African criminal (b. 1950)
• 1987 – Harold Loeffelmacher, American bandleader (Six Fat Dutchmen) (b. 1905)
• 1989 – Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz (b. 1936)
• 1991 – John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)
• 1991 – Clifton C. Edom, American photographer and educator (b. 1907)
• 1991 – John McIntire, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1994 – Pierre Boulle, French author (b. 1912)
• 1995 – Gerald Durrell, Indian-English zookeeper, author, and television host (b. 1925)
• 1998 – Richard Cassilly, American tenor (b. 1927)
• 1999 – Huntz Hall, American actor (b. 1919)
• 1999 – Ed Herlihy, American journalist (b. 1909)
• 2001 – Jean-Pierre Aumont, French actor (b. 1911)
• 2001 – Johnnie Johnson, English pilot (b. 1915)
• 2001 – Joseph Ransohoff, American surgeon (b. 1915)
• 2005 – Martyn Bennett, Canadian-Scottish violinist (b. 1971)
• 2005 – Wes Wehmiller, American bass player (Missing Persons) (b. 1971)
• 2006 – Coretta Scott King, American author and activist (b. 1927)
• 2007 – Nikos Kourkoulos, Greek actor (b. 1934)
• 2007 – Sidney Sheldon, American author and screenwriter (b. 1917)
• 2008 – Jeremy Beadle, English television host and producer (b. 1948)
• 2008 – Marcial Maciel, Mexican priest, founded the Legion of Christ and Regnum Christi (b. 1920)
• 2008 – Roland Selmeczi, Hungarian actor (b. 1969)
• 2009 – John Gordy, American football player (b. 1935)
• 2009 – H. Guy Hunt, American politician, 49th Governor of Alabama (b. 1933)
• 2009 – Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (b. 1932)
• 2009 – Neiliezhü Üsou, Indian preacher and theologian (b. 1941)
• 2010 – Bernard Arcand, Canadian anthropologist and author (b. 1945)
• 2010 – Aaron Ruben, American director (b. 1914)
• 2011 – John Barry, English composer and conductor (b. 1933)
• 2012 – Doeschka Meijsing, Dutch author (b. 1947)
• 2013 – Gamal al-Banna, Egyptian author and scholar (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Patty Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters) (b. 1918)
• 2013 – José Cardona, Honduran footballer (b. 1939)
• 2013 – Diane Marleau, Canadian politician (b. 1943)
• 2013 – Ann Rabson, American singer, pianist, and guitarist (Saffire – The Uppity Blues Women) (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Roger Raveel, Belgian painter (b. 1921)
• 2013 – George Witt, American baseball player (b. 1931)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Aldegonde
  • Anthony the Great (Coptic Church)
  • Balthild
  • Hippolytus of Rome
  • Hyacintha Mariscotti
  • Charles I of England (Commemoration, Anglicanism, e.g., Society of King Charles the Martyr)
  • Martina
  • Mutien-Marie Wiaux
  • Savina
  • Three Holy Hierarchs (Eastern Orthodox)
  • January 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Martyrdom of Mahatma Gandhi-related observances:
  • Martyrs' Day (India)
  • School Day of Non-violence and Peace (Spain)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to January 30.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On this day in Canada