1985 in spaceflight

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National firsts
Space traveller	Mexico Saudi Arabia
Rockets
Maiden flights	Space Shuttle Atlantis M-3SII
Manned flights
Orbital	11
Total travellers	63
v t e

Launches

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

← Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec →

STS-51-C, Decay:27 January">

USA-8 (Magnum 1), Decay:NA">

USA-9 (SDS), Decay:NA">

Arabsat-1A, Decay:NA">

Brasilsat-A1, Decay:NA">

Geosat, Decay:NA">

Intelsat 510, Decay:NA">

STS-51-D, Decay:19 April">

Anik C1, Decay:NA">

Leasat 3, Decay:NA">

STS-51-B, Decay:6 May">

Spacelab Long Module 1, Decay:NA">

GLOMAR, Decay:NA">

NUSAT, Decay:15 December">

GStar 1, Decay:NA">

Telecom 1B, Decay:NA">

Soyuz T-13, Decay:26 September">

STS-51-G, Decay:24 June">

Morelos 1, Decay:NA">

Arabsat-1B, Decay:NA">

Telstar 303, Decay:NA">

Spartan 101, Decay:24 June">

Progress 24, Decay:15 July">

Intelsat 511, Decay:NA">

Giotto, Decay:NA">

Kosmos 1669 (Progress), Decay:30 August">

STS-51-F, Decay:6 August">

PDP, Decay:NA">

Spacelab 2 (three pallets), Decay:NA">

STS-51-I, Decay:3 September">

Aussat 1, Decay:NA">

ASC-1, Decay:NA">

Leasat 4, Decay:NA">

KH-11-7, Decay:28 August">

Eutelsat 1F3, Decay:12 September">

Spacenet F3, Decay:NA">

Soyuz T-14, Decay:21 November">

Kosmos 1686 (TKS), Decay:7 February 1991">

Intelsat 512, Decay:NA">

STS-51-J, Decay:7 October">

USA-11 (DSCS-III), Decay:NA">

USA-12 (DSCS-III), Decay:NA">

USA-10 (GPS-11), Decay:NA">

STS-61-A, Decay:6 November">

Spacelab Long Module 2, Decay:NA">

GLOMAR, Decay:26 December 1986">

STS-61-B, Decay:2 December">

Morelos 2, Decay:NA">

Aussat A2, Decay:NA">

Satcom K2, Decay:NA">

OEX Target, Decay:2 March 1987">

EASE/ACCESS, Decay:2 December"

Date and time (UTC)	Rocket		Launch site		LSP
	Payload	Operator	Orbit	Function	Decay (UTC)	Outcome
	Remarks
January
24 January 19:50	Space Shuttle Discovery		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-51-C	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	27 January 21:23	Successful
	USA-8 (Magnum 1)	NRO	Geosynchronous	ELINT	In orbit	Successful

Manned orbital flight with five astronauts
February
8 February 06:10	Titan 34B		Vandenberg SLC-4W
8 February 06:10	USA-9 (SDS)	US Air force	Molniya	Communications	In orbit	Successful
8 February 23:22	Ariane 3		Kourou ELA		Arianespace
	Arabsat-1A	Arabsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Brasilsat-A1	Embratel	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful

Arabsat 1A failed in March 1992
March
13 March 02:00	Atlas E/OIS		Vandenberg SLC-3W
	Geosat	US Navy	Sun-synchronous	Earth observation	In orbit	Successful

Mission ended in January 1990
22 March 23:55	Atlas G		Cape Canaveral LC-36B
22 March 23:55	Intelsat 510	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
April
12 April 13:59	Space Shuttle Discovery		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-51-D	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	19 April 13:54	Successful
	Anik C1	Telesat Canada	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Leasat 3	US Navy	Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful

Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space (Senator Jake Garn). Anik C1 was retired on 5 May 2003. Leasat 3 failed to maneuver to geosynchronous orbit and was re-captured by mission STS-51-I in August, repaired and subsequently maneuvered to geosynchronous orbit. Discovery suffered extensive brake and tyre damage upon landing at Kennedy Space Center.
29 April 16:02	Space Shuttle Challenger		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-51-B	NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity research	6 May 16:11	Successful
	Spacelab Long Module 1	NASA/ESRO	Low Earth (Challenger)	Microgravity research		Successful
	GLOMAR		Intended: Low Earth	Getaway Special		Deployment failure
	NUSAT		Low Earth	Getaway Special	15 December	Successful

Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts; GLOMAR failed to deploy from its GAS canister
May
8 May 01:15	Ariane 3		Kourou ELA		Arianespace
	GStar 1	GTE Spacenet	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Telecom 1B	France Télécom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
June
6 June 06:39	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5
	Soyuz T-13		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Salyut 7 EO-4	26 September 09:51	Successful

Manned orbital flight with two cosmonauts
17 June 11:33	Space Shuttle Discovery		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-51-G	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	24 June 13:11	Successful
	Morelos 1	Morelos	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Arabsat-1B	Arabsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Telstar 303	AT&T	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Spartan 101	NASA	Low Earth	Astronomy	24 June 13:11	Successful

Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Saudi Arabian space traveller and member of royalty to fly in space (Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud) Arabsat 1B retired in 1993.
21 June 00:39	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 1/5
21 June 00:39	Progress 24		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	15 July 22:33	Successful
30 June 00:44	Atlas G		Cape Canaveral LC-36B
30 June 00:44	Intelsat 511	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
July
2 July 11:23	Ariane 1		Kourou ELA		Arianespace
	Giotto	ESA	Heliocentric	Flyby of Halley's Comet	In orbit	Successful

Closest approach of Halley's Comet (596 kilometres (370 mi)) achieved on 13 March 1986 Closest approach of 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (200 kilometres (120 mi)) achieved on 10 July 1992
19 July 13:05	Soyuz-U		Baikonur Site 1/5
19 July 13:05	Kosmos 1669 (Progress)		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	30 August 01:20	Successful
29 July 21:00	Space Shuttle Challenger		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-51-F	NASA	Low Earth	Astronomical experiments	6 August 19:45	Successful
	PDP	NASA	Low Earth	Plasma research		Successful
	Spacelab 2 (three pallets)	NASA/ESRO	Low Earth (Challenger)	Astronomy		Successful

Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts; A main engine shut-down during ascent caused an Abort to Orbit, the first abort of the Space Shuttle program.
August
27 August 10:58	Space Shuttle Discovery		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-51-I	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment and repair	3 September 13:15	Successful
	Aussat 1	Aussat Pty Ltd	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	ASC-1	ASC	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Leasat 4	US Navy	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Spacecraft failure

Manned orbital flight with five astronauts Leasat 4 failed in orbit after becoming operational for a short period Retrieved Leasat 3, deployed by STS-51-D in April and repaired the malfunctioning perigee motor to allow the satellite to reach geosynchronous orbit.
28 August 21:20	Titan 34D		Vandenberg SLC-4E
	KH-11-7	NRO	Intended: Sun-synchronous	Reconnaissance	28 August	Launch Failure

First stage propellant feed malfunction
September
12 September 23:26	Ariane 3		Kourou ELA		Arianespace
	Eutelsat 1F3	Eutelsat	Intended: Geosynchronous	Communications	12 September	Launch Failure
	Spacenet F3	Spacenet	Intended: Geosynchronous	Communications	12 September	Launch Failure

Third stage failed to ignite
13 September	ASM-135 ASAT		Celestial Eagle, Vandenberg		US Air Force
		US Air Force	Suborbital	Anti-satellite weapon	13 September	Successful

Successful intercept and destruction of Solwind P78-1.
17 September 12:38	Soyuz-U2		Baikonur Site 1/5
	Soyuz T-14		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Salyut 7 EP-5	21 November 10:31	Successful

Manned orbital flight with three cosmonauts
27 September 08:41	Proton-K		Baikonur Site 200/39
	Kosmos 1686 (TKS)		Low Earth (Salyut 7)	Logistics	7 February 1991	Successful

TKS-4; remained docked with Salyut 7 through that station's re-entry
28 September 23:17	Atlas G		Cape Canaveral LC-36B
28 September 23:17	Intelsat 512	Intelsat	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
October
3 October 15:15	Space Shuttle Atlantis		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-51-J	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	7 October 17:00	Successful
	USA-11 (DSCS-III)	US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	USA-12 (DSCS-III)	US Air Force	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful

Manned orbital flight with five astronauts; Maiden flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis
9 October 02:53	Atlas E/SGS-2		Vandenberg SLC-3W
9 October 02:53	USA-10 (GPS-11)	US Air Force	Medium Earth	Navigation	In orbit	Successful
30 October 17:00	Space Shuttle Challenger		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-61-A	NASA	Low Earth	Microgravity research	6 November 17:44	Successful
	Spacelab Long Module 2	NASA	Low Earth (Challenger)	Spacelab D1	6 November 17:44	Successful
	GLOMAR	DLR	Low Earth	Getaway Special	26 December 1986	Successful

Manned orbital flight with eight astronauts Maiden flight of Spacelab Long Module #2
November
27 November 00:29	Space Shuttle Atlantis		Kennedy LC-39A		United Space Alliance
	STS-61-B	NASA	Low Earth	Satellite deployment	2 December 21:33	Successful
	Morelos 2	Morelos	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Aussat A2	Aussat Pty Ltd	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	Satcom K2	RCA Americom	Geosynchronous	Communications	In orbit	Successful
	OEX Target	NASA	Low Earth		2 March 1987	Successful
	EASE/ACCESS	NASA	Low Earth (Atlantis)	Structure assembly experiment	2 December 21:33	Successful

Manned orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Mexican space traveller.

← Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec →

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event
11 June	Vega 1	delivered lander and balloon on Venus
15 June	Vega 2	delivered lander and balloon on Venus
11 September	ISEE-3/ICE	Flyby of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner

EVAs

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
16 April	3 hours 6 minutes		STS-51-D Discovery	Jeffrey A. Hoffman S. David Griggs	Installed an improvised switch-pulling tool, called the Flyswatter, on the RMS robotic arm. The Flyswatter was used in an effort to push the sequencer start lever on the Leasat-3 in the proper position for deployment.^[1] This attempted repair was the first unplanned spacewalk in NASA history.^[2]
2 August 07:15	5 hours	12:15	Salyut 7 EO-4	Vladimir Dzhanibekov Viktor Savinykh	Installed a third pair of solar arrays on exterior of Salyut 7.
31 August	7 hours 20 minutes		STS-51-I Discovery	William Fisher James van Hoften	Van Hoften rode the RMS to capture the Leasat 3 satellite and pulled it into payload bay. Fisher and Van Hoften secured and started repairs on the satellite in the payload bay. The retrieval was complicated by a malfunction of the RMS that made operation of the arm more complicated.^[3]
1 September	4 hours 26 minutes		STS-51-I Discovery	William Fisher James van Hoften	Completed repairs on the Leasat 3 satellite. Then Van Hoften, riding the RMS, heaved the satellite out of the payload bay, imparting the required spin needed to fire the perigee motor.^[3]
29 November	5 hours 32 minutes		STS-61-B Atlantis	Jerry L. Ross Sherwood C. Spring	Practiced construction techniques in the payload bay and assembled and disassembled the two experimental EASE/ACCESS structures.^[4]
1 December	6 hours 41 minutes		STS-61-B Atlantis	Jerry L. Ross Sherwood C. Spring	Conducted supplementary experiments on the EASE and ACCESS structures, including a test of the RMS to aid in the construction experiments.^[4]

References

Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches". Gunter's Space Page.
"Space Information Center". JAXA.
McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report". Jonathan's Space Page.
"Mission Set Database". NASA GSFC.
"NASASpaceFlight.com".
"Launch Logs". Orbital Report News Agency.
"Space Calendar". NASA JPL.
"Southwest Space Archive".
"Launch Forecast". Space.com.
"Spaceflight Now".
Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
"U.S. Space Objects Registry".
"Хроника освоения космоса ('Chronicle of space exploration')" (in Russian). Cosmoworld.ru.

Generic references:

Footnotes

↑ "Space Shuttle Mission Archives". NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
↑ Becker, Joachim; Janssen, Heinz Hermann (2009). "Human Spaceflights - STS-51D". Space Facts. Retrieved February 20, 2009. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
↑ 3.0 3.1 "Space Shuttle Flight 20 (STS-51A)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. July 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
↑ 4.0 4.1 Rumerman, Judith; Gamble, Chris; Okolski, Gabriel (2007). "Human Spaceflight" (PDF). NASA History Division. p. 45. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved February 23, 2009. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

Timeline of spaceflight

1940s

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950s

1950

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

Preceded by 1984	Timeline of spaceflight 1985	Succeeded by 1986

v t e ← 1984 · Orbital launches in 1985 · 1986 →

Sakigake \| Kosmos 1616 \| Kosmos 1617 · Kosmos 1618 · Kosmos 1619 · Kosmos 1620 · Kosmos 1621 · Kosmos 1622 \| Molniya-3 No.36 \| Kosmos 1623 \| Kosmos 1624 \| Gorizont No.21L \| Kosmos 1625 \| Kosmos 1626 \| STS-51-C (USA-8) \| Kosmos 1627 \| Kosmos 1628 \| Meteor-2 No.13 \| USA-9 \| Arabsat 1A · Brasilsat A1 \| Kosmos 1629 \| Kosmos 1630 \| Kosmos 1631 \| Kosmos 1632 \| Kosmos 1633 \| Geosat \| Kosmos 1634 \| Kosmos 1635 · Kosmos 1636 · Kosmos 1637 · Kosmos 1638 · Kosmos 1639 · Kosmos 1640 · Kosmos 1641 · Kosmos 1642 \| Ekran No.28L \| Intelsat VA F-10 \| Kosmos 1643 \| Kosmos 1644 \| STS-51-D (Anik C1 · Leasat 3) \| Unnamed \| Kosmos 1645 \| Kosmos 1646 \| Kosmos 1647 \| Kosmos 1648 \| Prognoz 10 \| STS-51-B (Nusat) \| GStar-1 · Telecom 1B \| Kosmos 1649 \| Kosmos 1650 · Kosmos 1651 · Kosmos 1652 \| Kosmos 1653 \| Kosmos 1654 \| Molniya-3 No.39 \| Kosmos 1655 \| Kosmos 1656 \| Soyuz T-13 \| Kosmos 1657 \| Kosmos 1658 \| Kosmos 1659 \| Kosmos 1660 \| STS-51-G (Morelos 1 · Arabsat-1B · Telstar 3D · SPARTAN-101) \| Kosmos 1661 \| Kosmos 1662 \| Progress 24 \| Kosmos 1663 \| Unnamed \| Kosmos 1664 \| Intelsat VA F-11 \| Giotto \| Kosmos 1665 \| Kosmos 1666 \| Kosmos 1667 \| Kosmos 1668 \| Molniya-3 No.37 \| Kosmos 1669 \| STS-51-F (PDP) \| Kosmos 1670 \| Kosmos 1671 \| Transit-O 24 · Transit-O 30 \| Kosmos 1672 · Kosmos 1672 \| Kosmos 1673 \| Kosmos 1674 \| Gran' No.26L \| Kosmos 1675 \| Kosmos 1676 \| Suisei \| Molniya-1 No.61 \| Kosmos 1677 \| STS-51-I (Aussat A1 · ASC-1 · Leasat 4) \| Unnamed \| Kosmos 1678 \| Kosmos 1679 \| Kosmos 1680 \| Kosmos 1681 \| ECS-3 · Spacenet 3 \| Soyuz T-14 \| Kosmos 1682 \| Kosmos 1683 \| Kosmos 1684 \| Kosmos 1685 \| Kosmos 1686 \| Intelsat VA F-12 \| Kosmos 1687 \| Kosmos 1688 \| Kosmos 1689 \| Molniya-3 No.38 \| STS-51-J (USA-11 · USA-12) \| USA-10 \| Kosmos 1690 · Kosmos 1695 · Kosmos 1692 · Kosmos 1693 · Kosmos 1694 · Kosmos 1691 \| Kosmos 1696 \| Fanhui Shi Weixing 8 \| Kosmos 1697 \| Kosmos 1698 \| Molniya-1 No.73 \| Unnamed \| Meteor-3 No.2 \| Kosmos 1699 \| Kosmos 1700 \| Molniya-1 No.56 \| STS-61-A (GLOMR) \| Kosmos 1701 \| Kosmos 1702 \| Gran' No.28L \| Kosmos 1703 \| STS-61-B (Morelos 2 · Aussat A2 · Satcom K2 · OEX · EASE/ACCESS) \| Kosmos 1704 \| Kosmos 1705 \| Kosmos 1706 \| Kosmos 1707 \| USA-13 · USA-14 \| Kosmos 1708 \| Kosmos 1709 \| Molniya-3 No.40 \| Kosmos 1710 · Kosmos 1711 · Kosmos 1712 \| Meteor-2 No.14 \| Kosmos 1713 \| Kosmos 1714

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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