1985 in science
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The year 1985 in science and technology involved many significant events, listed below.
Chemistry
- The fullerene Buckminsterfullerene (C60) is first intentionally prepared by Harold Kroto, James R. Heath, Sean O'Brien, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley at Rice University in the United States.[1]
Computer science
- March 15 – The first commercial Internet domain name, in the top-level domain .com, is registered in the name symbolics.com by Symbolics Inc., a computer systems firm in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- November 20 – Microsoft Windows operating system released.
Environment
- May 16 – Scientists of the British Antarctic Survey announce discovery of the ozone hole.[2][3][4]
Exploration
- September 1 – The wreck of the RMS Titanic (1912) in the North Atlantic is located by a joint American-French expedition led by Dr. Robert Ballard (WHOI) and Jean-Louis Michel (Ifremer) using side-scan sonar from RV Knorr.[5][6]
Mathematics
- March - Louis de Branges de Bourcia publishes proof of de Branges's theorem.[7]
- September - Dennis Sullivan publishes proof of the No wandering domain theorem.[8]
- December – Publication of the ATLAS of Finite Groups.
Medicine
- February 19 – Artificial heart patient William Schroeder becomes the first such patient to leave hospital.
- March 4 – The United States Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS infection, used since this date for testing all U.S. blood donations.
- March–May – Joshua Silver develops an adjustable corrective lens.
- Publication of a classified bibliography of 3500 reports on controlled trials in perinatal medicine published since 1940.[9]
- New York-based neurologist Oliver Sacks publishes The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales.
Physics
Technology
- Atomic force microscope invented by Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christopher Berger.[10]
Awards
- Nobel Prizes
- Physics – Klaus von Klitzing – for his discovery of the quantization of electrical resistance
- Chemistry – Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
- Medicine – Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein
- Turing Award – Richard Karp – for his work on computational complexity theory
Births
Deaths
- March 10 – C. B. van Niel (b. 1897), Dutch American microbiologist.
- April 20 – Charles Richter (b. 1900), American geophysicist and inventor.
- July 20 – Bruno de Finetti (b. 1906), Italian statistician.
- August 31 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet (b. 1899), Australian virologist best known for his contributions to immunology. Nobel Prize winner.
- September 6 – Rodney Porter (b. 1917), English biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- September 7 – George Pólya (b. 1887), Hungarian mathematician.
- September 10 – Ernst Öpik (b. 1893), Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist.
- October 22 – Thomas Townsend Brown (b. 1905), American physicist.
- November 24 – László Bíró (b. 1899), Hungarian inventor.
References
- ↑ Kroto, H. W.; Heath, J. R.; O'Brien, S. C.; Curl, R. F.; Smalley, R. E. (1985). "C60: Buckminsterfullerene". Nature 318 (6042): 162–163. Bibcode:1985Natur.318..162K. doi:10.1038/318162a0.
- ↑ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ↑ Farman, J. C.; Gardiner, B. G.; Shanklin, J. D. (1985). "Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction". Nature 315 (6016): 207–10. Bibcode:1985Natur.315..207F. doi:10.1038/315207a0. Retrieved 4 May 2011.
- ↑ Zehr, Stephen C. (1994). "Accounting for the Ozone Hole: Scientific Representations of an Anomaly and Prior Incorrect Claims in Public Settings". The Sociological Quarterly 35: 603–19. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1994.tb00419.x. JSTOR 4121521.
- ↑ Alfred, Randy (2008-02-09). "Sept. 2, 1985: Hey, Everyone, We Found the Titanic". Wired. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
- ↑ Ballard, Robert D. (December 1985). "How We Found the Titanic". National Geographic 168 (6): 696–718.
- ↑ de Branges, Louis (1985). "A proof of the Bieberbach conjecture". Acta Mathematica 154 (1): 137–152. doi:10.1007/BF02392821. MR 772434.
- ↑ Sullivan, Dennis (1985). "Quasiconformal homeomorphisms and dynamics I. Solution of the Fatou-Julia problem on wandering domains". Annals of Mathematics 122 (2): 401–418. JSTOR 1971308.
- ↑ "About the Cochrane Library". The Cochrane Library. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ↑ Binnig, G.; Quate, C. F.; Berger, Ch. (3 March 1986). "Atomic Force Microscope". Physical Review Letters 56 (9): 930–933. Bibcode:1986PhRvL..56..930B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930.
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