1981 Dawu earthquake
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| Date | 24 January 1981 |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 6.8 (Richter scale) |
| Epicenter | 30°56′N 101°06′E / 30.93°N 101.10°ECoordinates: 30°56′N 101°06′E / 30.93°N 101.10°E |
| Countries or regions |
 China |
| Casualties | About 150 dead; roughly 300 injured |
On 24 January 1981 at 5:13 a.m. China Standard Time (23 January 1981 at 21:13 UTC),[1] Sichuan, China, was struck by a large earthquake known as the 1981 Dawu earthquake. Registering a Richter scale magnitude of 6.8, the earthquake killed about 150 and injured roughly 300 more. It caused much damage within a close range to its epicenter.
China has a long, catastrophic history of earthquakes that extends from at least 1290 AD to the present day.
Background
China has an extensive history of catastrophic earthquakes that ranges back to 1290. The first verified earthquake took place in Chih-li, killing roughly 100,000 people. The next great earthquake was probably the 1556 Shaanxi earthquake, the most devastating earthquake of all time. Roughly 830,000 were killed by the event. Other earthquakes in 1917, 1918, 1920, 1923, 1925, 1927, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1948, 1950, 1966, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1975, 1976 killed more than one thousand people. Since 1981, earthquake fatalities have diminished greatly, though have not been stopped. As recently as 2008, an earthquake in Sichuan killed nearly 90,000 people.[2]
Characteristics
The epicenter was pinpointed to Dawu County in Sichuan. Its official magnitude was 6.8 and its surface wave magnitude reached 6.6.[1]
A moderately well controlled focal mechanism indicates that the earthquake was probably a result of left lateral strike-slip faulting[1] on the Daofu fault. The Daofu fault forms part of the Xianshuihe fault zone, which experienced a sequence of four earthquakes greater than 6.0 between 1973 and 1982, with each event triggering the next in the sequence by changing the stress state.[3] A 44 km surface rupture has been reported for the 1981 earthquake.[4]
Damage and casualties
The earthquake killed roughly 150 people, and 300 or so more were injured. Damage was bad, but limited to a small zone around the area.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Significant Earthquakes of the World - 1981". United States Geological Survey. 5 January 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
- ↑ "Historic World Earthquakes - China". United States Geological Survey. 23 November 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
- ↑ Zhang, Q.; Zhang P., Wang C., Wang Y. & Ellis M.A. (2003). "Earthquake triggering and delaying caused by fault interaction on Xianshuihe fault belt, southwestern China". Acta Seismologica Sinica 16 (2): 156–165. Bibcode:2003AcSSn..16..156Z. doi:10.1007/s11589-003-0018-5. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
- ↑ Zhou, H.; Liu H. & Kanamori H. (1983). "Source processes of large earthquakes along the Xianshuihe Fault in southwestern China". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 73 (2). Retrieved 2010-02-06.
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