1974 in science
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The year 1974 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
- February 8 - After 84 days in space, the last crew of the temporary American space station Skylab return to Earth.
- Hawking radiation is predicted by Stephen Hawking.[1]
Engineering
- Stephen Salter invents the "Salter Duck", a wave energy converter.
History of science
- F. W. Winterbotham publishes The Ultra secret: the inside story of Operation Ultra, Bletchley Park and Enigma, the first popular account of cryptography carried out at Bletchley Park during World War II.
Medicine
- Identification of controlled trials in perinatal medicine, as advocated by Archie Cochrane, begins in Cardiff, Wales.[2]
- Henry Heimlich describes the "Heimlich Maneuver" as a treatment for choking.[3]
Paleoanthropology
- November 24 - A group of paleoanthropologists discover remains of a 3.2-million-year-old skeleton of an Australopithecus afarensis in the Afar Depression of Ethiopia, nicknaming her "Lucy".
Physics
- May 18 - "Smiling Buddha", India's first nuclear test explosion takes place underground at Pokhran.[4]
- "November Revolution": J/ψ meson, the first particle found to contain a charm quark, discovered by teams at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, led by Samuel Ting,[5] and at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, led by Burton Richter.[6]
Psychology
- Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins is published by Konrad Lorenz.
- Leon Kamin demonstrates that Sir Cyril Burt's influential research into heritability of IQ using twin studies shows evidence of statistical falsification.[7]
Technology
- June 26 - The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time, to sell a package of Wrigley's chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio, the first use of barcode technology in American retailing.[8]
Other events
- Rubik's Cube invented by Ernő Rubik.[9]
Awards
- Fields Prize in Mathematics: Enrico Bombieri and David Mumford
- Nobel Prizes
- Turing Award - Donald Knuth
Births
Deaths
- February 4 - S. N. Bose, Indian physicist (b. 1894)
- May 4 - Ludwig Koch, German-born British animal sound recordist (b. 1881)
- May 18 - Harry Ricardo, English mechanical engineer (b. 1885)
- August 22 - Jacob Bronowski, Polish-born British scientific polymath (b. 1908)
References
- ↑ Hawking, S. W. (1974-03-01). "Black hole explosions?". Nature 248 (5443): 30. Bibcode:1974Natur.248...30H. doi:10.1038/248030a0. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
- ↑ "About the Cochrane Library". The Cochrane Library. Archived from the original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ↑ Heimlich, H. (June 1974). "Pop Goes the Cafe Coronary". Emergency Medicine.
- ↑ "India's Nuclear Weapons Program - Smiling Buddha: 1974". Nuclear Weapon Archive. 2001. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-25.
- ↑ Aubert, J. J. et al. (2 December 1974). "Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1404–6. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..33.1404A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ↑ Augustin, J.-E. et al. (2 December 1974). "Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e+e− Annihilation". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1406–8. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..33.1406A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ↑ Gillie, O. (1976-10-24). "Crucial data was faked by eminent psychologist". The Sunday Times (London).
- ↑ Kleinman, Zoe (2012-10-07). "Barcode birthday: 60 years since patent". BBC News. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
- ↑ Fotheringham, William (2007). Fotheringham's Sporting Pastimes. Anova Books. p. 50. ISBN 1-86105-953-1.
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