1956 in science
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The year 1956 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Biology
- Wesley K. Whitten reports developing eight-cell mouse ova to blastocyst stage in vitro.[1]
Climatology
- May - Gilbert Plass publishes his seminal article "The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climate Change".[2]
Computer science
- September 13 - The hard disk drive is invented by an IBM team led by Reynold B. Johnson.
Medicine
- May 1 - Minimata disease epidemic is identified in Japan.
- Asian flu pandemic originates in China.
Physics
- Existence of the antineutrino is experimentally confirmed by the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment carried out by Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines.[3]
- Existence of the antineutron is experimentally confirmed by University of California, Berkeley physicist Bruce Cork.
- DIDO heavy water enriched uranium nuclear reactor begins operation at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Oxfordshire.
Psychology
- January 1 - Leon Festinger, Henry W. Riecken and Stanley Schachter's book When Prophecy Fails provides a classic study of disconfirmed expectancy.
Technology
- April 14 - 2-inch quadruplex videotape, the first practical and commercially successful analog recording videotape format, is released for the broadcast television industry by Ampex of Redwood City, California.[4][5]
- August 27 - Calder Hall nuclear power station in England is first connected to the National Grid. This Magnox plant is the world's first nuclear power plant to deliver electricity in commercial quantities.[6] Official opening is on October 17.[7]
- November 11 - First flight of Convair B-58, the first supersonic jet bomber capable of Mach 2 flight,[8] designed by Robert H. Widmer.
- First Chamberlin electro-mechanical keyboard instrument, developed and patented by Wisconsin inventor Harry Chamberlin, is introduced.[9]
Awards
Births
- April 16 - David M. Brown (died 2003), American astronaut.
- May 20 - Marlene Zuk, American biologist
- October 19 - Carlo Urbani (died 2003), physician, discoverer of SARS.
Deaths
- February 3 - Émile Borel (born 1871), mathematician.
- March 17 - Irène Joliot-Curie (born 1897), scientist.
- March 22 - George Sarton (born 1884), historian of science.
- August 25 - Alfred Kinsey (born 1894), American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and sexologist who founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University.
- September 22 - Frederick Soddy (born 1877), physical chemist.
- November 10 - Henry Luke Bolley (born 1865), plant pathologist.
References
- ↑ Whitten, W. K. (14 January 1956). "Culture of Tubal Mouse Ova". Nature 177 (4498): 96. doi:10.1038/177096a0. Retrieved 2011-08-11.
- ↑ Plass, Gilbert N. (1956). "The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climate Change". Tellus 8 (2): 140–54. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1956.tb01206.x. Retrieved 2013-12-12.
- ↑ "The Reines-Cowan Experiments: Detecting the Poltergeist". Los Alamos Science 25: 3. 1997.
- ↑ Bensinger, Charles (1981). "All About Videotape". VideoPreservation Website. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- ↑ "Some Quad History". Quad Videotape Group. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- ↑ "Calder Hall Power Station". The Engineer. 5 October 1956.
- ↑ "Sellafield Sites, Site history". Retrieved 2007-12-04.
- ↑ Wilson, Stewart (2000). Combat Aircraft since 1945. Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd. p. 38. ISBN 1-875671-50-1.
- ↑ Epand, Len (April 1976). "A Phantom Orchestra at Your Fingertips" (PDF). Crawdaddy!: A27–A28. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
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