1927 in aviation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1927:
Events
- The United States Navy's USS Langley (CV-1) becomes the first aircraft carrier to operate a multi-engine aircraft, the twin-engine Douglas T2D-1.[1]
- The British aircraft carrier HMS Argus brings Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Air Force Fairey IIID aircraft to support the Shanghai Defence Force against rebel Chinese forces. The aircraft fly as landplanes from the Shanghai racecourse and as seaplanes from the Whangpoo River.[2]
- Germany's lead in commercial aviation is such that during the year German airlines fly greater distances with more passengers than the airlines of France, Italy, and the United Kingdom combined.[3]
January
- January 7 – Imperial Airways commences a regular service from Basra to Cairo via Baghdad, the first of its Empire "trunk routes."
- January 15 – Boeing Air Transport is formed, to carry airmail between Chicago and San Francisco. It eventually will become United Airlines.
March
- March 14 – Pan American Airways is formed to carry airmail on the Key West-Havana route.
- March 16 – The Portuguese Military Aviation seaplane Argos, piloted by Sarmento de Beires, makes the first night aerial crossing of the South Atlantic, taking off from Portuguese Guinea and landing in Brazil.
- March 21 – John Rodgers Airport (the future Honolulu International Airport) is dedicated in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii.[4]
May
- May 1 – Imperial Airways introduces its luxury "Silver Wing" service between London and Paris.
- May 8–9 – Charles Nungesser and François Coli attempt to cross the Atlantic Ocean from Paris to the United States in the Levasseur PL.8 biplane L'Oiseau Blanc (The White Bird), but disappear over the Atlantic.
- May 20–21 – Charles Lindbergh flies The Spirit of St. Louis across the Atlantic nonstop from New York City to Paris. It is the first solo transatlantic flight.
- May 20 – Flight Lieutenant Roderic Carr sets out to set a new distance record, attempting to fly from England to India in a Hawker Horsely. Three days later, he will be rescued from the Persian Gulf.
- May 27 – France's first aircraft carrier, Béarn, is commissioned
- 28 May – When flying at 1,200 ft near Reynoldsburg, Ohio the Keystone XLB-5 prototype bomber suffers a terrible failure of its right engine, when a blade separates from the propellor hub with explosive power, tearing the engine apart and spraying the five-man crew with shrapnel, which included 2nd Bombardment Group commander Lewis H. Brereton, all of the crew except the nosegunner, who died in the crash, immediately parachuted when the accident happened, and the petrol-soaked wreckage exploded and burnt on the ground.
June
- June 4–6 – With Charles A. Levine as his passenger, Clarence Duncan Chamberlin made a record nonstop transatlantic flight, in his monoplane Columbia, from Roosevelt Field, Long Island, New York, to Eisleben, Germany, a distance of 3,911 miles (6,294 km), in 42 hours and 31 minutes.
- June 5 – The Verein für Raumschiffahrt ("Society for Spaceship Travel") is formed in Germany.
- June 6 – Canadian innovator Wallace Turnbull sells the parent of the variable-pitch propeller to Curtiss-Wright in the United States and Bristol in the United Kingdom. It will be successfully flight tested on June 29.
- June 15 – U.S. businessman Van Lear Black charters a KLM Fokker F.VIIa for a flight from the Netherlands to Batavia, the first international charter flight.
- June 28–29 – U.S. Army Air Corps Lieutenants Lester J. Maitland and Albert F. Hegenberger make the first transpacific flight from North America to the Hawaiian Islands, flying an Atlantic-Fokker C2 transport plane 2,407 statute miles (3,876 km) from Oakland, California, to Wheeler Field, Territory of Hawaii, in 25 hours 50 minutes. They will receive the 1927 Mackay Trophy and the Distinguished Flying Cross for the achievement.[5]
- June 29 – July 1 - Richard Evelyn Byrd with crew flies the Fokker F.VIIa/3m America from New York City to France.
July
- Herr Bäumer, the founder of the German firm Bäumer Aero GmbH, is killed testing a new high-performance monoplane.[6]
- July 16
- Ernie Smith and Emory Bronte complete the first civilian non-stop flight from North America to the Hawaiian Islands when their Travel Air monoplane, the City of Oakland, crashes on Molokai after a flight from Oakland, California. They survive the crash.[7]
- United States Marine Corps de Havilland DH.4 aircraft strafe guerrilla forces of Augusto César Sandino in support of Marines forces on the ground in Nicaragua. It is an early example of Marine Corps close air support.[8]
- July 17 – U.S. Marine Corps de Havilland DH.4s are used to attack bandits in Nicaragua threatening the garrison at Ocotal.
August
- August 12 – The Royal Air Force holds a fly-off between four competing flying boat designs, the Supermarine Southampton, Blackburn Iris, Short Singapore, and Saunders-Roe Valkyrie.
- August 16 – The Dole Derby, a California-to-Hawaii race for single-engine airplanes sponsored by James Dole, takes place. Two aircraft arrive safely at Wheeler Field on Oahu, but three other entrants carrying seven persons are missing at sea. The tragedy puts an end to all plans to fly single-engine land aircraft from North America to Hawaii until 1934.[9]
- August 22 – The KLM Fokker F.VIII H-NADU crashes with 11 people on board at Underriver, England, after a structural failure in its tailfin or rudder. One crewmember dies and eight other people are injured.
- August 25 – A gust of wind catches the tail of the U.S. Navy dirigible USS Los Angeles (ZR-3) while she is moored to the high mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst at Lakehurst, New Jersey, causing her tail to rise until she is at an 85-degree angle. She returns to the horizontal with little damage, the only airship known to have survived such a maneuver.
- August 26 – Bert Hinkler sets a new non-stop distance record, flying from Croydon, England to Riga, Latvia.
September
- September 8 – The Cessna company is established.
- September 26 – The 1927 Schneider Trophy race is flown at Venice, Italy. Flight Lieutenant S. N. Webster of the United Kingdom wins in a Supermarine S.5 at an average speed of 453.2 km/h (281.7 mph).
- September 28 – Lieutenant Dick Bently of the South African Air Force arrives in South Africa, completing the first solo flight there from England. He had left London on September 1.
- September 29 – Georg Wulf, co-founder of Focke-Wulf, is killed in the crash of the Focke Wulf F 19 Ente ("Duck").
October
- October 10 – The French aviators Dieudonné Costes and Joseph Le Brix depart Paris as they begin a flight around the world in the Breguet 19 G.R. Nungesser-Coli. They will complete the trip on April 14, 1928.[10]
- October 11 – Ruth Elder and George Haldeman take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island, New York, in the Stinson Detroiter American Girl to attempt the longest nonstop transatlantic flight in history, bound for Paris – Le Bourget Airport in France. Mechanical problems force them to ditch off the Azores on October 13, and they are rescued by the passing tanker Barendrecht. Although they fail to reach Europe, they set a new world distance record for a flight over water of 2,623 miles (4,224 km).[11][12]
- October 14–15 – Dieudonne Costes and Joseph Le Brix make the first non-stop aerial crossing of the South Atlantic Ocean, flying the Breguet 19 G.R. Nungesser-Coli from Saint-Louis, Senegal to Port Natal, Brazil, as a part of their round-the-world trip.
- October 28 – Pan American World Airways launches its first scheduled international air service, a 70-minute flight from Key West, Florida, to Havana, Cuba.[13]
November
- November 4 – Flying a Macchi M.52, Mario de Bernardi sets a new world airspeed record of 479.290 km/h (297.818 mph).
- November 16 – The United States Navy commissions USS Saratoga (CV-3), its first large aircraft carrier and its first carrier capable of fleet speeds and true combat operations.
- November 17 – Sir Alan Cobham sets out from England in a Short Singapore to make an aerial survey of Africa.
December
- December 14 – The U.S. Navy commissions the aircraft carrier USS Lexington (CV-2).
First flights
- Curtis XP-6, prototype of the Curtiss P-6 Hawk
- Hamilton H-47, first American all-metal aircraft
- Kawasaki Type 88
- Nieuport-Delage Ni-D 52
- Keystone LB-5
February
- February 27[14] or 28[15] - Curtiss XF7C-1, prototype of the Curtiss F7C Seahawk
March
- March 2 – Boeing XF3B-1, prototype of the Boeing F3B-1[16]
- March 7 - Westland Wapiti
- March 14 - Parnall Pike N202
- March 26 - Handley Page Hinaidi
April
- April 27 - Stinson Detroiter
May
- May 4 - Boeing TB[17]
- May 12 - Armstrong Whitworth Starling
- May 17 - Bristol Bulldog
June
- Eberhart XFG[18]
- June 22 – Short S.6 Sturgeon N199
July
- Kawanishi K-11
- Mitsubishi 1MF9
- July 4 - Lockheed Vega
- July 14 – Boeing XP-8[19]
August
November
- Curtiss XF8C-1, prototype of the Curtiss F8C Falcon[20]
December
- December 12 – Gloster Gambet, prototype of the Nakajima A1N
Entered service
July
- July 1 – Boeing 40 with Boeing Air Transport
Retirements
References
- ↑ Layman, R.D., Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849-1922, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989, ISBN 0-87021-210-9, p. 124.
- ↑ Thetford, Owen, British Naval Aircraft Since 1912, Sixth Edition, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1991, ISBN 1-55750-076-2, pp. 123-124.
- ↑ Murray, Williamson, Strategy for Defeat: The Luftwaffe 1933-1945, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press, 1983, no ISBN number, p. 4.
- ↑ Aviation Hawaii: 1920-1929 Chronology of Aviation in Hawaii
- ↑ Aviation Hawaii: 1920-1929 Chronology of Aviation in Hawaii
- ↑ Mondey, David, ed., The Complete Illustrated History of the World's Aircraft, Secaucus, New Jersey: Chartwell Books, Inc., 1978, ISBN 0-89009-771-2, p. 92.
- ↑ Aviation Hawaii: 1920-1929 Chronology of Aviation in Hawaii
- ↑ "Twenty-Five Significant Dates in USMC Aviation History," The Washington Post, May 2, 2012, p. H5.
- ↑ Aviation Hawaii: 1920-1929 Chronology of Aviation in Hawaii
- ↑ Donald, David, ed., The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997, ISBN 0-7607-0592-5, p. 187.
- ↑ Horman, Lynn M., and Thomas Reilly, Women Who Fly, Pelicaon Publishing Company, Inc.: Gretna, Louisiana, 2004, ISBN 1-58980-160-1, pp. 45-47.
- ↑ Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 351.
- ↑ Daniel, Clifton, ed., Chronicle of the 20th Century, Mount Kisco, New York: Chronicle Publications, 1987, ISBN 0-942191-01-3, p. 351.
- ↑ Swanborough, Gordon, and Peter M. Bowers, United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911, London: Putnam, 1976, ISBN 0-370-10054-9, p. 426.
- ↑ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 0-517-56588-9, p. 138.
- ↑ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 75.
- ↑ Swanborough, Gordon, and Peter M. Bowers, United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911, London: Putnam, 1976, ISBN 0-370-10054-9, p. 415.
- ↑ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 0-517-56588-9, p. 193.
- ↑ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 74.
- ↑ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 0-517-56588-9, p. 139. (Typographical error states that first fliguthg was 11/1928, but that was ten months after first delivery of the aircraft.)
- ↑ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 0-517-56588-9, p. 432.
- ↑ Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, ISBN 0-517-56588-9, p. 127.
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