1927 Gulang earthquake
  | |
| Date | May 22, 1927 |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 7.6 Mw |
| Epicenter | 37°23′N 102°19′E / 37.39°N 102.31°ECoordinates: 37°23′N 102°19′E / 37.39°N 102.31°E |
| Countries or regions | Kansu, Republic of China |
| Casualties | 40,900 |
The 1927 Gulang earthquake occurred at 6:32 a.m. on 22 May (22:32 UTC on 21 May). This 7.6 magnitude event had an epicenter near Gulang, Kansu in the Republic of China. There were more than 40,900 casualties.[1] It was felt up to 700 km away.[2]
Geology
The continental collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate has formed the Himalayas and the large uplifted area of the Tibetan Plateau. The northeastern part of Tibet is affected by the eastward lateral spreading of the Tibetan Plateau. This spreading is accommodated by a series of sinistral (left-lateral) strike-slip faults, including the Atyn Tagh, Haiuyan, Kunlun and Xianshuihe faults, combined with thrusting on the Longmenshan fault. The earthquake ruptured the complex thrust fault system in the Qilian Mountains transpressional zone, formed at a restraining bend on the Haiyuan fault.[3] Another segment of the Haiyuan fault was responsible for the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake.[4]
Damage
In the area of greatest intensity, all cave dwellings and 90% of houses were destroyed. In Gulang, almost the only thing left standing was a 20 m long section of the city walls and some decorated archways. In Gulang county 4,000 people and 30,000 domestic animals were killed. In Wuwei, most of the city walls collapsed as did many temples, towers and civilian houses, 35,000 people and 200,000 horses and oxen were killed. In the area around Yongchang many primary schools, forts, stockaded villages and temples were destroyed, killing 809 people. In Shandan County more than 5,800 houses were destroyed and many cave dwellings collapsed, leaving 886 people dead.[1]
The ground was extensively fissured, with fissures up to 14 km in length, 6–13 m wide and 7 m deep. A large landslide at Dongchuan buried several villages and blocked the road for a year.[1]
Characteristics
The magnitude of this earthquake has been variously calculated as 7.6 on the moment magnitude scale and 8.0–8.3 on the surface wave magnitude scale.[1] The surface rupture caused by the earthquake was 23 km long.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "NOAA page on the earthquake". Retrieved 12 June 2010.
- ↑ USGS. "Historic Earthquakes Tsinghai, China 1927 May 21 22:32 UTC". Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
- ↑ Gaudemer, Y.; Tapponnier P., Meyer B., Peltzer G., Shunmin G., Zhital C., Huagung D. & Cifuentes I. (2007). "Partitioning of crustal slip between linked, active faults in the eastern Qilian Shan, and evidence for a major seismic gap, the 'Tianzhu gap', on the western Haiyuan Fault, Gansu (China)". Geophysical Journal International 120 (3): 599–645. Bibcode:1995GeoJI.120..599G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb01842.x. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
- ↑ Cavalié, O.; Lasserre C., Doin M.-P., Peltzer G., Sun J., Xu X. & Shen Z.-K. (2008). "Measurement of interseismic strain across the Haiyuan fault (Gansu, China), by InSAR". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 275 (3–4): 246–257. Bibcode:2008E&PSL.275..246C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.057. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
- ↑ Xu, X.; Yeats R.S. & Yu G. (2010). "Five Short Historical Earthquake Surface Ruptures near the Silk Road, Gansu Province, China". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 100 (2): 541–561. Bibcode:2010BuSSA.100..541X. doi:10.1785/0120080282. Retrieved 17 June 2010.