1923 in Germany

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Decades: 1900s • 1910s • 1920s • 1930s • 1940s See also: Other events of 1923 List of years in Germany

Events in the year 1923 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

President

• Friedrich Ebert (Social Democrats)

Chancellor

• Wilhelm Cuno (Non-partisan) to 12 August, then from 13 August Gustav Stresemann (German People's Party) to 30 November, then Wilhelm Marx (1st term) (Centre)

Events

• 11 January - French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr in the Occupation of the Ruhr because of Germany’s refusal to pay war reparations, causing strikes and a severe economic crisis
• 15 September - Germany's bank rate is raised to 90% due to hyperinflation. See 1920s German inflation.
• 26 September - Gustav Stresemann calls for an end to passive resistance and protests by Germans against the French and Belgian Occupation of the Ruhr.
• 26 September - The German government declares a state of emergency under Article 48 of the German Weimar Constitution. It will last until February 1924.
• 21 October - A separatist government is formed in the Rhineland Palatinate and is quickly recognized by the French government.
• 9 November - Members of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi), led by Adolf Hitler, fail in a coup attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government in Munich, Germany which is later known as the Munich Putsch or Beer Hall Putsch.
• 15 November - The value of the German Papiermark falls to 4.2×10¹² mark to the United States dollar causing the German government to issue the Rentenmark as a replacement for the Papiermark to alleviate the hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic.
• 23 November - Gustav Stresemann resigns as German Chancellor after a vote of no confidence from members of the government.
• 1 December - Center Party member Wilhelm Marx forms a new coalition government becoming the new German Chancellor.
• 8 December - Germany signs an economic treaty with the United States.
• 8 December - The Reichstag passes an enabling act empowering the government to take all measures it deemed necessary and urgent with regard to the state of emergency.

Popular culture

Arts and literature

• Hermann Oberth publishes Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen (The Rocket into Interplanetary Space)

Art

Max Beckmann made a self-portrait of himself holding a cigarette. The painting is currently housed at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

Wassily Kandinsky painted his Composition VIII while he was working at the Bauhaus school of art in Weimar. This completely non-representational work exemplifies his ground-breaking movement toward abstraction.

Births

• 27 May — Henry A. Kissinger, German-born United States presidential advisor
• 10 September — Uri Avnery, German-born Israeli writer and founder of the Gush Shalom peace movement
• 22 November — Hanna Maron, German-born Israeli actress
• 15 December — Uzi Gal, German-born Israeli gun designer, best remembered as the designer and namesake of the Uzi submachine gun (died 2002)
• 25 December — Sonia Olschanezky, German-born French Jewish World War II heroine (executed by German) (died 1944)

Deaths

• 1 February - Ernst Troeltsch, theologian and philosopher (born 1865)
• 10 February - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist (born 1845)
• 9 November — Theodor von der Pfordten, so-called "Nazi martyr" (born 1873)