1879 in science
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The year 1879 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- British children's writer and amateur astronomer Agnes Giberne publishes the popular illustrated book Sun, Moon and Stars: Astronomy for Beginners which sells 24,000 copies on both sides of the Atlantic in twenty years.[1]
Biology
- Jean Henri Fabre publishes the first of his Souvenirs entomologiques.
- Heinrich Anton de Bary coins the term symbiosis in his monograph Die Erscheinung der Symbiose (Strasbourg).[2]
Chemistry
- January 2 - Publication of first issue of Journal of the American Chemical Society.
- Per Teodor Cleve discovers the elements holmium and thulium.
- Lars Fredrik Nilson discovers the element scandium.
Earth sciences
- Vasily Dokuchaev introduces the concept of pedology, laying the foundations for the study of soil science.[3]
History of science
Mathematics
- Charles L. Dodgson publishes Euclid and his Modern Rivals in London.[4]
- Gottlob Frege publishes Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens ("Concept-Script: A Formal Language for Pure Thought Modeled on that of Arithmetic") in Halle, a significant text in the development of mathematical logic.
Medicine
- James Crichton-Browne publishes "On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane",[5] a key paper in the neuropathology of insanity.[6]
Paleontology
- Camptosaurus prestwichii found at Cumnor, near Oxford.
Pharmacology
- Vassili von Anrep of the University of Würzburg demonstrate the analgesic properties of cocaine.[7]
Physics
- Edwin Hall discovers the Hall Effect.
- Joseph Stefan originates the Stefan–Boltzmann law, stating that the total radiation from a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its thermodynamic temperature.[8]
Psychology
- Wilhelm Wundt creates the first laboratory of experimental psychology, at the University of Leipzig.
Technology
- May 31 - Werner von Siemens demonstrates the first electric locomotive using an external power source at Berlin.
- October 22 - Thomas Edison successfully tests a carbon filament thread in an incandescent light bulb.
Awards
Births
- January 1 - Ernest Jones (died 1958), Welsh psychoanalyst.
- February 22 - J. N. Brønsted (died 1947), Danish physical chemist.
- March 8 - Otto Hahn (died 1968), German physicist and winner of the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- March 14 - Albert Einstein (died 1955), German-born physicist and winner of the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.
- May 28 - Milutin Milanković (died 1958), Serbian geophysicist.
- June 3 - Raymond Pearl (died 1940), American biologist.
- October 9 - Max von Laue (died 1960), German physicist and winner of the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Deaths
- March 3 - William Kingdon Clifford (born 1845), geometer.
- April 16 - Peter Kozler (born 1824), geographer and cartographer.
- May 4 - William Froude (born 1810), hydrodynamicist.
- November 5 - James Clerk Maxwell (born 1831), mathematician and physicist.
References
- ↑ Chapman, Allan (1999). The Victorian Amateur Astronomer: Independent Astronomical Research in Britain 1820-1920. Chichester: John Wiley. ISBN 0-471-96257-0.
- ↑ Bates, Marston (1950). The Nature of Natural History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 125.
- ↑ Dokuchaev, V.V. (1879). Short Historical Description and Critical Analysis of the More Important Soil Classifications. Trav. Soc. Nat. St. Petersburg 10: 64-67 (In Russian); Tchernozeme (terre noire) de la Russie d‘Europe. St. Petersburg: Société Impériale Libre Économique.
- ↑ Wilson, Robin (2008). Lewis Carroll in Numberland. London: Allen Lane. pp. 91–95. ISBN 978-0-7139-9757-6.
- ↑ Brain 1: 514-18; 2: 42-67
- ↑ Compston, Alastair (2007). "On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane. By J. Crichton-Browne, MD, FRSE, Lord Chancellor's Visitor. Brain 1879: 1; 514–518 and 1879: 2; 42–67". Brain 130 (3): 599–601. doi:10.1093/brain/awm020.
- ↑ Yentis, S. M.; Vlassakov, K. V. (1999). "Vassily von Anrep, forgotten pioneer of regional anesthesia". Anesthesiology 90 (3): 890–5. doi:10.1097/00000542-199903000-00033. PMID 10078692.
- ↑ "Über die Beziehung zwischen der Wärmestrahlung und der Temperatur" in Bulletin of the Vienna Academy of Sciences.
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