1842 in science
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The year 1842 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Exploration
- Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross charts the eastern side of James Ross Island and on January 23 reaches a Farthest South of 78°09'30"S.[1]
Medicine
- January - American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first person to administer an inhaled anesthetic to facilitate a surgical procedure (dental extraction).[2]
- March 30 - American physician and pharmacist Crawford Long administers an inhaled anesthetic (diethyl ether) to facilitate a surgical procedure (removal of a neck tumor).[3][4]
- English surgeon William Bowman publishes On the Structure and Use of the Malpighian Bodies of the Kidney,[5] identifying Bowman's capsule, a key component of the nephron.
Paleontology
- Palaeontologist Richard Owen coins the name Dinosauria, hence the Anglicized dinosaur.[6]
Physics
- Christian Doppler proposes the Doppler effect.[7]
- Julius Robert von Mayer proposes that work and heat are equivalent.[8] This is independently discovered in 1843 by James Prescott Joule, who names it "mechanical equivalent of heat".
Technology
- January 8 - Delft University of Technology established by William II of the Netherlands as a 'Royal Academy for the education of civilian engineers'.[9]
- February 21 - John Greenough is granted the first U.S. patent for the sewing machine.[10]
- June - James Nasmyth patents the steam hammer and introduces an improved planing machine.[11]
Events
- September 14–17 - English naturalist Charles Darwin and his family settle at Down House in Kent.
Awards
Births
- February 2 - Julian Sochocki (died 1927), mathematician.
- February 22 - Camille Flammarion (died 1925), astronomer.
- May 8 - Emil Christian Hansen (died 1909), fermentation physiologist.
- June 11 - Carl von Linde (died 1934), refrigeration engineer.
- August 23 - Osborne Reynolds (died 1912), physicist.
- September 9 - Elliott Coues (died 1899), ornithologist.
- September 20
- James Dewar (died 1923), chemist.
- Charles Lapworth (died 1920), geologist.
- October 17 - Gustaf Retzius (died 1919), anatomist.
- October 24 (O.S. October 12) - Nikolai Menshutkin (died 1907), chemist.
- November 12 - John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (died 1919), Nobel Prize-winning physicist.
- December 17 - Sophus Lie (died 1899), mathematician.
Deaths
- February 15 - Archibald Menzies (born 1754), botanist.
- April 28 - Charles Bell (born 1774), anatomist.
- May 8 - Jules Dumont d'Urville (born 1790), explorer.
- June 30 - Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester (born 1754), agriculturalist and geneticist.
- July 19 - Pierre Joseph Pelletier (born 1788), chemist.
References
- ↑ Coleman, E. C. (2006). The Royal Navy in Polar Exploration, from Frobisher to Ross. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. p. 335. ISBN 0-7524-3660-0.
- ↑ Lyman, H. M. (1881). "History of anaesthesia". Artificial anaesthesia and anaesthetics. New York: William Wood and Company. p. 6. Retrieved 2010-09-13.
- ↑ Long, C. W. (1849). "An account of the first use of Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation as an Anæsthetic in Surgical Operations". Southern Medical and Surgical Journal 5: 705–13. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
- ↑ Long, Tony (2007-03-30). "March 30, 1842: It's Lights Out, Thanks to Ether". Wired. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
- ↑ Presented to the Royal Society of London.
- ↑ Owen, R. (1842). "Report on British Fossil Reptiles." Part II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Plymouth, England.
- ↑ "Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger anderer Gestirne des Himmels - Versuch einer das Bradley'sche Theorem als integrirenden Theil in sich schliessenden allgemeineren Theorie" ("On the coloured light of the binary refracted stars and other celestial bodies - Attempt of a more general theory including Bradley's theorem as an integral part"). Abhandlungen der kaiserlichen bõhm. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Prag (Prague) V Folge 2. 25 May 1842.
- ↑ von Mayer, J. R. (1842). "Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Nature ("Remarks on the forces of inorganic nature")". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 43: 233–40. doi:10.1002/jlac. 18420420212. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
- ↑ "History of the university". TU Delft. Retrieved 2012-07-10.
- ↑ "Vacuum & Sewing Hall of Fame". Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-29. See section: "Contributors to the invention of the sewing machine".
- ↑ Smiles, Samuel (1912). James Nasmyth Engineer: an Autobiography. John Murray. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
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