1830

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Year 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the July Revolution, the Belgian Revolution and the November Uprising taking place in respectively France, the Low Countries and Poland.

Events

January–March

• January 11 – LaGrange College (now the University of North Alabama) began operation, becoming the first publicly chartered college in Alabama.
• January 12–January 27 – Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina debates the question of states' rights vs. federal authority with Daniel Webster of Massachusetts in the United States Congress.
• February 3 – The London Protocol establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the Ottoman Empire as the final result of the Greek War of Independence.

Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution (July 27).

• March 12 – Craig vs. Missouri: The United States Supreme Court rules that state loan certificates are unconstitutional because they were bills of credit emitted by a state in violation of Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution.
• March 26 – The Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York.

April–June

• April 6 – Joseph Smith and 5 others organize the Church of Christ (later renamed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), the first formally organized church of the Latter Day Saint movement, in northwestern New York.
• May 13 – Ecuador separates from Gran Colombia.
• May 28 – The United States Congress passes the Indian Removal Act, authorizing the President to negotiate with Native Americans in the United States for their removal from their ancestral homelands.
• June 26 – William IV succeeds his brother George IV as King of the United Kingdom.

July–September

• July 5 – France invades Algeria (see French period in Algeria).
• July 13 – The General Assembly's Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengal Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
• July 17 – Barthélemy Thimonnier is granted a patent (#7454) for a sewing machine in France; it chains stitches at 200/minute.
• July 18 – Uruguay adopts its first constitution.
• July 20 – Greece grants citizenship to Jews.
• July 27 – France: The July Revolution begins (see also 1830 in France).
• August 9 – France: Louis Philippe becomes King of the French.
• August 13 – France: Duc de Broglie becomes Prime Minister.
• August 25 – The Belgian Revolution begins.
• August 31 – Edwin Beard Budding is granted a patent for the invention of the lawnmower.
• September 15 – The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opens, the world's first intercity passenger railway operated solely by steam locomotives.
• September 27 – The Belgian Revolution ends by liberating Brussels from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

October–December

• October 4 – The Provisional Government in Brussels declares the creation of the independent state of Belgium, in revolt against the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
• October – Start of the Regeneration in Switzerland: more liberal constitutions adopted in most cantons.
• November 2 – France: Jacques Laffitte succeeds the Duc de Broglie as Prime Minister.
• November 8 – Ferdinand II becomes King of the Two Sicilies.
• November 22 – The Whig Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey succeeds Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• November 29 – The Polish insurrection begins in Warsaw against Russian rule.
• December 5 – Hector Berlioz's most famous work, Symphonie Fantastique, has its world premiere in Paris.
• December 20 – The independence of Belgium is recognized by the Great Powers.

Date unknown

• The Java War ends.
• 10,000 chests of opium are sold in China.
• Austins of Derry established in Northern Ireland. As of 2010 it will be the world's oldest independent department store.

Births

January–June

• February 3 – Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1903)
• February 9 – Abd al-Aziz, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1876)
• March 15 – Paul von Heyse, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
• March 30 – Mihály Zsupánek Slovene writer, poet and soldier in Hungary (d. 1898? 1905)
• May 5 – John Batterson Stetson, American hat maker (d. 1906)
• June 5 – Carmine Crocco, Italian brigand (d. 1905)

June–December

• July 10 – Camille Pissarro, French painter (d. 1903)
• July 20 – Fanny Janauschek, Czech-born actress (d. 1904)
• July 25 – John Jacob Bausch, German-American optician who co-founded Bausch & Lomb (d. 1926)
• August 18 – Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria (d. 1916)
• September 2 – William P. Frye, American politician (d. 1911)
• September 8 – Frédéric Mistral, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
• September 12 – William Sprague IV, American politician from Rhode Island (d. 1915)
• September 15 – Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (d. 1915)
• September 22- Caroline Webster Schermerhorn Astor prominent American socialite (d. 1908)
• December 10 – Emily Dickinson, American poet (d. 1886)
• December 17 – Jules de Goncourt, French writer (d. 1870)
• December 21 – Bartolomé Masó, Cuban patriot (d. 1907)

Date unknown

• Mary Hunt, American activist (d. 1906)

Deaths

January–June

• January 7 – Thomas Lawrence, English painter (b. 1769)
• January 7 – John Campbell, Australian public servant and politician (b. 1770)
• February 2 – Manuel da Costa Ataíde, Brazilian artist (b. date unknown)
• February 23 – Jan Piotr Norblin, French-born Polish artist (b. 1740)
• March 7 – Jacques Villeré, first Creole governor of Louisiana (b. 1761)
• March 17 – Laurent, Marquis de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, French marshal (b. 1764)
• June 1 – Sahajanand Swami, believed to be an incarnation of god by his followers, leaves his mortal body (b. 1781).
• June 4 – Antonio José de Sucre, Venezuelan revolutionary leader and statesman (b. 1795)
• June 26 – King George IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1762)

July–December

• September 18 – William Hazlitt, British essayist (b. 1778)
• October 4 – Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg, Prussian military leader (b. 1759)
• October 5 – Dinicu Golescu, Romanian writer (b. 1777)
• November 8 – Francis I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1777)
• November 18 – Adam Weishaupt, German philosopher (b. 1748)
• November 30 – Pope Pius VIII (b. 1761)
• December 8 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (b. 1767)
• December 17 – Simón Bolívar, Venezuelan revolutionary leader and statesman (b. 1783)

Date unknown

• Aleamotu'a, King of Tonga (b. 1738)
• Petar I Petrović-Njegoš, ruler of Montenegro (b. 1747)

References