1659

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Year 1659 (MDCLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 10-day-behind Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 14 – Battle of the Lines of Elvas: The Portuguese beat the Spanish in the Portuguese Restoration War.
• January 24 – Pierre Corneille's Oedipe premieres in Paris.
• February 2 – Jan van Riebeeck produces the first South African wine at the Cape of Good Hope.
• February 11 – The assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back with heavy losses.
• February 16 – The first known cheque (400 pounds) is written (on display at Westminster Abbey).
• April 22 – Lord Protector Richard Cromwell dissolves the English Parliament.
• May 22 – France, England, and Netherlands sign the Hedges Concerto treaty.
• May 25 – Richard Cromwell resigns as English Lord Protector.
• May 31 – The Netherlands, England, and France sign the Treaty of The Hague.

July–December

• July 16 – Princess Henriette Catherine of Nassau marries John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, in Groningen.
• September 30 – Peter Stuyvesant of New Netherland forbids tennis playing during religious services (first mention of tennis in what will be the U.S.).
• October 12 – The English Rump Parliament dismisses John Lambert and other generals.
• October 13 – General-major John Lambert drives out the English Rump-government.
• November 7 – Treaty of Pyrenees: French King Louis XIV and King Philip IV of Spain agree to French acquisition of Roussillon and most of Artois, and formally end their 24-year war.
• November 25 – Dutch forces under Michiel de Ruyter free the Danish city of Nyborg from Swedish conquest (earlier in the year).
• December 16 – General Monck demands free parliamentary election in Scotland.
• December 26 – The Long Parliament reforms occur in Westminster.

Date unknown

• The Spanish Infanta Maria Theresa brings cocoa to Paris.
• Diego Velázquez's portrait of Infanta Maria Theresa is first exhibited.
• Thomas Hobbes publishes De Homine.
• Parisian police raid a monastery, sending monks to prison for eating meat and drinking wine during Lent.
• Drought occurs in India.
• Christiaan Huygens writes Systema Saturnium.

Births

• January 1 – Margaret Wemyss, 3rd Countess of Wemyss, Scottish noble (d. 1705)
• January 4 – James Pierpont (Yale founder), Congregationalist minister, a founder of Yale University (d. 1714)
• January 11 – Ambrose Browne, English politician (d. 1688)
• January 13 – Johann Arnold Nering, German architect (d. 1695)
• January 17 – Antonio Veracini, Italian composer (d. 1745)
• January 17 – Takatsukasa Kanehiro, Japanese court noble of the Edo period (d. 1725)
• January 18 – Damaris Cudworth Masham, English philosopher (d. 1708)
• January 21 – Adriaen van der Werff, Dutch painter (d. 1722)
• January 28 – Sir Samuel Barnardiston, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1709)
• February 1 – Jacob Roggeveen, Dutch Pacific Ocean explorer (d. 1729)
• February 14 – Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (d. 1732)
• February 27 – William Sherard, English botanist (d. 1728)
• March 4 – Pierre Lepautre (1659–1744), French artist (d. 1744)
• March 6 – Salomon Franck, German lawyer, scientist, poet (d. 1725)
• March 8 – Isaac de Beausobre, French Protestant pastor (d. 1738)
• March 25 – John Asgill, Irish politician (d. 1738)
• March 26 – William Wollaston, English philosopher (d. 1724)
• April 8 – Christopher Tancred, British politician (d. 1705)
• April 14 – Albrecht of Saxe-Weissenfels, German prince (d. 1692)
• April 14 – William Delaune, Academic administrator and clergyman (d. 1728)
• April 15 – Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt, Swedish general (d. 1719)
• April 16 – Jacques le Moyne de Sainte-Hélène (d. 1690)
• April 29 – Date Tsunamura, daimyo at the center of the Date Sōdō (d. 1719)
• April 29 – Sophia Elisabet Brenner, Swedish writer (d. 1730)
• May 4 – John Dunton, English bookseller and author (d. 1733)
• June 3 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (d. 1708)
• June 5 – Wolfgang George Frederick von Pfalz-Neuburg, Bishop (d. 1683)
• June 7 – Henry Thompson (1659–1700), British politician (d. 1700)
• June 11 – Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Samurai (d. 1719)
• June 12 – Yamamoto Tsunetomo, Japanese samurai (d. 1719
• June 15 – Claude de Ramezay, Canadian politician (d. 1724)
• June 22 – Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure, French officer and governor of Acadia (d. 1711)
• June 26 – Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1697)
• July 3 – Franz Beer (d. 1726)
• July 6 – Albert Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (d. 1715)
• July 8 – Justus van Huysum, Dutch painter (d. 1716)
• July 14 – John Hutton (1659–1731), English politician (d. 1731)
• July 16 – Anne Wharton, English poet (d. 1685)
• July 18 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
• July 22 – Noadiah Russell, one of the clergymen who founded Yale (d. 1713)
• July 28 – Asano Tsunanaga, Daimyo who ruled the Hiroshima Domain (d. 1708)
• July 28 – Charles Ancillon, French Protestant pastor (d. 1715)
• August 1 – Sebastiano Ricci, Italian painter (d. 1734)
• August 2 – Andrew Archer (English MP), English politician (d. 1741)
• August 17 – Robert Challe, French colonialist (d. 1721)
• August 23 – Henry Every, English pirate (d. 1696)
• September 1 – Domenico Egidio Rossi, Italian architect (d. 1715)
• September 5 – Michel Sarrazin, Canadian scientist (d. 1734)
• September 10 – Henry Purcell, English composer (d. 1695)
• September 12 – Dirk Maas, Dutch painter (d. 1717)
• September 12 – Ferdinand Willem, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, Dutch general and noble (d. 1701)
• September 13 – Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn (d. 1691)
• September 18 – Caleb Banks, English politician (d. 1696)
• October 13 – George Verney, 12th Baron Willoughby de Broke, English Baron (d. 1728)
• October 22 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German chemist (d. 1734)
• October 28 – Nicholas Brady (poet), poet, Anglican divine (d. 1726)
• November 3 – Hui-bin Jang, Royal cossort (d. 1701)
• November 10 – Albert Borgard, Danish artillery and engineer officer (d. 1751)
• November 19 – Jacques-Louis de Valon, French poet (d. 1719)
• December 2 – John Brereton, 4th Baron Brereton, Irish peer (d. 1718)
• December 12 – Francesco Galli Bibiena, Italian architect/designer (d. 1739)
• December 18 – Matthieu Petit-Didier (d. 1728)
• December 28 – François Catrou, French historian and Jesuit priest (d. 1737)

Deaths

• January 16 – Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer (b. 1580)
• February – Willem Drost, Dutch painter and printmaker (b. 1633)
• February 17 – Abel Servien, French diplomat (b. 1593)
• February 27 – Henry Dunster, first President of Harvard College (b. 1609)
• April 15 – Simon Dach, German poet (b. 1605)
• June 3 – Morgan Llwyd, Welsh Puritan preacher and writer (b. 1619)
• October 8 – Jean de Quen, French Jesuit missionary and historian (b. c. 1603)
• October 10 – Abel Tasman, Dutch explorer (b. 1603)
• October 31 – John Bradshaw, English judge (b. 1602)
• November 10 – Afzal Khan, commander of the Bijapur Adilshahi forces

References