107 Camilla

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107 Camilla is one of the largest main-belt asteroids. It orbits within the Cybele Group, beyond most main-belt asteroids. It has a very dark surface and primitive carbonaceous composition. It was discovered by N. R. Pogson on November 17, 1868, and named after Camilla, Queen of the Volsci in Roman mythology.[1]

10µ radiometric data collected from Kitt Peak in 1975 gave a diameter estimate of 209 km.[2] Lightcurve analysis indicates that Camilla's pole most likely points towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (+51°, 72°) with a 10° uncertainty,[3] which gives it an axial tilt of 29°.

Satellite (S/2001 (107) I)

On 1 March 2001, a satellite of Camilla was found by A. Storrs, F. Vilas, R. Landis, E. Wells, C. Woods, B. Zellner, and M. Gaffey using the Hubble Space Telescope.[4] It has been designated S/2001 (107) 1 but has not yet received an official name.

Later observations in September 2005 with the VLT allowed the determination of an orbit.[5] Apart from data in infobox, the inclination was found to be 3 ± 1° with respect to an axis pointing towards (β, λ) = (+55°, 75°).[5] Given the ~10° uncertainty in the actual rotational axis of Camilla, one can say that the orbit's inclination is less than 10°.

The satellite is estimated to measure about 11 km in diameter.[6] Assuming a similar density to the primary, this would give it an approximate mass of ~1.5×1015 kg. It has a similar colour to the primary.[4]
S/2001 (107) 1
Discovery[4] and designation
Discovered by A. Storrs, F. Vilas,
R. Landis, E. Wells,
C. Woods, B. Zellner,
and M. Gaffey
Discovery date 1 March 2001
Designations
Minor planet category Main belt (Cybele)
Orbital characteristics[5]
Semi-major axis 1235 ± 16 km
Eccentricity 0.006 ± 0.002
Orbital period 3.710 ± 0.001 d
Average orbital speed 24.2 m/s
Inclination < 10°
Satellite of 107 Camilla
Physical characteristics
Dimensions ~ 11 ± 2 km[6]
Mass ~1.5×1015 kg[7]
Equatorial escape velocity ~ 6 m/s
Absolute magnitude (H) 13.18[6]
    107 Camilla
    Discovery
    Discovered by Norman Robert Pogson
    Discovery date November 17, 1868
    Designations
    Pronunciation /kəˈmɪlə/ kə-MIL-ə
    Alternative names A893 QA; 1938 OG; 1949 HD1
    Minor planet category Outer Main belt (Cybele)
    Orbital characteristics[8]
    Epoch December 31, 2006 (JD 2454100.5)
    Aphelion 560.937 Gm (3.750 AU)
    Perihelion 479.343 Gm (3.204 AU)
    Semi-major axis 520.140 Gm (3.477 AU)
    Eccentricity 0.078
    Orbital period 2368.050 d (6.48 a)
    Average orbital speed 15.95 km/s
    Mean anomaly 1.746°
    Inclination 10.048°
    Longitude of ascending node 173.132°
    Argument of perihelion 309.877°
    Physical characteristics
    Dimensions 344×246×205 km[9]
    285×205×170 ± 20 km[3][6][10][11]
    Mass 1.12×1019 kg[9]
    1.09±0.04×1019 kg [5][12]
    Mean density 1.40±0.30 g/cm³[9]
    ~1.9 g/cm³ [5]
    Equatorial surface gravity ~0.036 m/s²
    Escape velocity 0.10 km/s
    Rotation period 0.2018 d (4.84393 h)[3]
    Albedo 0.0525[10]
    Temperature ~151 K
    max: 223 K (-52°C)
    Spectral type C[13]
    Apparent magnitude 11.53[14] to 13.93
    Absolute magnitude (H) 7.08[10]


      References

      1. ↑ Lutz D. Schmadel, Dictionary of Minor Planets Names, p.25.
      2. ↑ Morrison, D.; Chapman, C. R. (March 1976), "Radiometric diameters for an additional 22 asteroids", Astrophysical Journal 204: 934–939, Bibcode:2008mgm..conf.2594S, doi:10.1142/9789812834300_0469. 
      3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 J. Torppa et al. (2003). "Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data" (PDF). Icarus 164 (2): 346. Bibcode:2003Icar..164..346T. doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00146-5. 
      4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 IAUC 7599
      5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 107 Camilla and S/2001 (107) 1, F. Marchis
      6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 F. Marchis et al. (2006). "Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey". Icarus 185 (1): 39–63. Bibcode:2006Icar..185...39M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001. PMC 2600456. PMID 19081813. 
      7. ↑ Assuming a similar density to the primary.
      8. ↑ Yeomans, Donald K., "107 Camilla", JPL Small-Body Database Browser (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory), retrieved 2013-03-25. 
      9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Jim Baer (2008). "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations". Personal Website. Retrieved 2008-12-05. 
      10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey
      11. ↑ Axis ratios (rounded to nearest 5 km) based on lightcurve analysis of Torppa et al. (2003), however taking IRAS mean diameter is inconsistent with the maximum value of the short axis obtained in Marchis et al. (2006). Hence, presumably IRAS measurements were taken of a large face. Therefore, anchoring absolute size by requiring the shortest axis to be no larger than the maximum allowed by Marchis et al. (2006).
      12. ↑ Error estimate derived from consideration of M\propto a^{3}/P^{2} and given errors in a and P. See propagation of uncertainty.
      13. ↑ PDS spectral class data
      14. ↑ "AstDys (107) Camilla Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 

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