Żmigród

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This article is about the town in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. For Nowy Żmigród in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, formerly known as Żmigród, see Nowy Żmigród.

Żmigród

Ruin of the Hatzfeld Palace

Flag

Coat of arms

Żmigród

Coordinates: 51°28′13″N 16°54′18″E / 51.47028°N 16.90500°E

Country

Poland

Voivodeship

Area

• Total

9.49 km² (3.66 sq mi)

Elevation

150 m (490 ft)

Population (2006)

• Total

6,573

• Density

690/km² (1,800/sq mi)

Postal code

55-140

Website

http://www.zmigrod.com.pl

Żmigród [ˈʐmiɡrut] (German: Trachenberg, or Trachtenberg) is a town in Trzebnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Żmigród. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. (For more information about the history of the region, see Silesia.)

The town lies approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Trzebnica, and 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of the regional capital Wrocław.

As at 2006, the town has a population of 6,573.

Up until the Second World War, the town (then called Trach(t)enberg) had a significant Jewish population. Its former German name is the source of the common Jewish name "Trachtenberg".

History

The oldest sources say the settlement existed in the third period of the Bronze Age. The first records appear in the library of Pope Hadrian IV in 1155. The current city was invested by Henry III White in 1253 on the banks of Baryczy, in a place where there was a ford crossing the river. The new settlement was established, in front of the former Slavic settlement Zunigrod. The castle was fortified, surrounded by a strong palisade, ramparts and a moat, there were built two gates, which were abolished only in 1819.

Castellan tower in Żmigród

In 1560 built a new castle with a tower and later upgraded that during the Thirty Years' War it was besieged several times. In 1642 the castle was captured by the Swedish army under the command of General Lennart Torstenson. Swedes ruled the castle to 1650. At that time, the castle was expanded. Next expansion took place in the years 1655-1657 on the initiative of the then owner Żmigród, field marshal Count Melchior Hatzfeld. In 1691, new fortifications were erected.

In the mid-seventeenth century Polish-German language boundary ran near Żmigród, including the city, to the territory of the Polish language dominance.^[1]

In 1813, in the baroque palace of the House of Hatzfeld, there was a meeting of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm III of the Russian Tsar Alexander I, in which a protocol trachenberski (Żmigrodzki), whose goal was the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte.^[2]

In January 23, 1945 Army Corps Guard X 4 Panzer Army Gen. Dmitry Daniłowicza Leluszenki won Żmigród defended by the German garrison. The city was destroyed, except for the castle, which was set on fire after the fighting. The city was connected to the Polish, and the existing population deported to Germany.

References

↑ Dorota Borowicz: "Mapy narodowościowe Górnego Śląska od połowy XIX wieku do II Wojny Światowej". Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2004, s.33. ISBN 83-229-2569-7
↑ "Żmigród Protocol". PolskaNiezwykla. Retrieved 20 April 2013.

External links

v t e Gmina Żmigród

Town and seat	Żmigród

Villages	Barkowo Borek Borzęcin Bychowo Chodlewo Dębno Dobrosławice Garbce Gatka Grądzik Kanclerzowice Karnice Kaszyce Milickie Kędzie Kliszkowice Korzeńsko Książęca Wieś Łapczyce Laskowa Morzęcino Niezgoda Osiek Powidzko Przedkowice Przywsie Radziądz Ruda Żmigrodzka Sanie Węglewo Żmigródek

Coordinates: 51°28′13″N 16°54′18″E / 51.47028°N 16.90500°E / 51.47028; 16.90500

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