Zaklików
Zaklików [zaˈklikuf] is a village in Poland, located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in Stalowa Wola County (since 1999). It is located 113.1 miles SSE of Warsaw and 50 miles from Lublin. For about 300 years of its history it was incorporated as a city, but it lost its city charter after the January Uprising. It lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north of Stalowa Wola and 82 km (51 mi) north of the regional capital Rzeszów.
It is located at an altitude of 593 feet (180 m). On the south of Zaklików the Pysznica Gmina in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship is located. To the southwest is the town of Radomysl. Abbreviations for GPS: ZKL, ZKLKW, ZAKLKW.
While the town produces sulfur, it also manufactures furniture and nuts & bolts.
Timeline
- September 22, 1409: A parish is established in Zdziechowice, a village 2 km from present-day Zaklików.
- 1565: Stanisław Zaklika, after obtaining royal assent, founds the town of Zaklików, on the lands previously belonging to the village Zdziechowice. The founding city charter is based on the Magdeburg Law. The city takes its name and coat of arms from its founder.
- 1793: City becomes part of Austria after the Third Partition of Poland.
- 1815: City becomes part of the Russian Empire (Congress Poland) after the decisions taken at the Congress of Vienna.
- 1840: Joseph Lewinstein, a Russian rabbi and author, was born in Lublin, Russian Poland. He was a member of a family of rabbis and Talmudists which includes the author of the "Lebushim" and of "Pene Yehoshua'."
- 1860: Joseph Lewinstein, at the age of twenty, became rabbi of Karol, in the province of Płock
- 1868: Joseph Lewinstein became rabbi of Zaklików, in the government of Lublin, but moved in 1875 to become rabbi of Serotzk, government of Łomża.
- 1907-1908: Zaklików still under Russian hands.
- 1914-1915: During World War I the front passes through Zaklików three times.
- Summer 1915: The Russians are finally expelled from Zaklików by the advance of German and Austro-Hungarian armies.
- November 1918: Zaklikow again becomes part of independent Poland.
- September 13, 1939: The 14th army of the German Heeresgruppe Süd was advancing east and northwest. Enemy forces in front of the Korps divided into two parts: Northern & Southern. The northern part was withdrawing across the San River into the woods around Zaklikow and Biłgoraj, last time spotted on the Janów – Frampol road.
- September 14, 1939: The Polish Armoured Train Nr. 51 ("I Marszalek"), while covering the retreat of Polish forces near the village of Zaklików, the train managed to delay the advance of the German 4th Infantry Division units until the next day and prevented the Polish 94th Inf. Rgt. from being cut off from the Polish main forces.
- Sometime in 1942: 20 partisans led by Gregori Korchinski, most of them Jews, fighting against the Nazis in Poland, moved to the Zaklików area and set up a partisan base in the village of Ludmilovka. They recruited an additional 15 local men. Among the Jews there were unified groups commanded by Yaacov Freitag and Reuven Pintel.
- April, 1942: In order to create room for the new arrivals, Polish Jews residing in the Lublin district were gradually deported farther east. These evacuations were initiated by the Nazi SS and Police Chief of Lublin in collaboration with the "Sub-Department of Population and Welfare" of the Governor of the district of Lublin, and namely on the proposal of the local authorities. For example, a certain Lenk, a subordinate of the District Chief of Janów-Lubelsk, wrote to the SS and Police Chief of Lublin asking them to evacuate Jews in the different locations in Poland, among which Zaklikow was mentioned with 1500 Jews to be evacuated.
- August 1942: The entire Jewish population of the town of Janów Lubelski, which included a few hundred Jews who had been deported there from Vienna in 1941, was forced to concentrate in the nearby town of Zaklików. They were afterward deported to the Belzec extermination camp. There was a small forced labor camp for Jews in the nearby village of Lysaków which operated for some time.
- October 8, 1942: Jews captured by Nazis in Austria were taken from Modliborzyce to the Zaklików railroad station and deported to an extermination camp of Aktion Reinhard while the elderly and invalids were murdered on the spot. Of the 999 Austrian Jews, only 13 are known to have survived Modliborzyce.
- October 1942: According to testimony of Nuchim Rozenel, from the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, on this month, during the second "Aktion" in the Kraśnik ghetto, the Hassidic rabbi of Turobin was in the Kraśnik ghetto together with his son and the son's family, and they were all deported to Zaklikow which was the main assembling ghetto for the Jews from Kraśnik county during the final liquidation of the ghettos. From there he was deported to Belzec, together with his family.
- November 3: According to a book by Arad, pp. 383-389, The Governnment General deported 2000 Jews to Belzec from the town of Zaklików, County of Janów, District of Lublin. An additional 300 were deported during the month of November from Janów Lubelski via Zaklików.
- June 25, 1943: From the archives of the reports of the Argentinian diplomatic missions about the racist policies of Germany and the occupied European countries (1933-1945), on this date, Luis Luti, the Commercial Attaché of Argentina in Germany sent a letter to Argentina's Minister of Foreign Relations and Culture, Segundo R. Storni, in which he points out that "the road in which the deported Jews and the Jewish inhabitants of Poland were pushed to their ruin and destruction by the Nazis". In this report, he mentions the Warsaw Ghetto uprising and refers to the Treblinka concentration camp. The letter, numbered as "Note #275", and written in Berlin, states that after the violent dissolution of the Warsaw ghetto, in which the SS troops also suffered losses, according to the "Pat" agency, the Germans put great effort into "liquidating" the ghettos of the small cities in the provinces from which the Jews were deported. In this comunique the following cities are mentioned: Frasnik, Zaklików, Lublin, Zawichost, Biała Podlaska, Jedresejow, Łuków, Sokołów, and Rawa Ruska. The Polish News Agency in London makes a special mention of a concentration camp known as Treblinka, located to the side of the Warsaw-Białystok railroad line. This camp is equipped with special rooms in which Jews are locked in to be suffocated to death.
- 1989: Based on a general population survey about the social stratification in Eastern Europe, Zaklików had a population of 8,877. According to the coding of geographical units based on the Wykaz symboli terytorialnych wojewodztw, gmin i miast (Register of Territorial Codes for Voivodeships, Counties and Cities) of the Warsaw Glowny Urzad Statystyczny (Central Statistical Office) of 1992, the code for Zaklikow is 83721 and it is considered a rural county.
- 2000: The Levi-Strauss Foundation donated $2400 to the Dom Pomocy Spolecznej in Zaklików, to renovate a 24-hour care center for mentally-disabled women.
Notable people
- Joseph Lewinstein: Was rabbi of Zaklikow from 1868 to 1875.
- Fr. Jerzy (George) Kusy: Born April 12, 1960 in Janów Lubelski, Poland. In 1975 after finishing grade school in Potok Wielki he attended high school in Zaklików, Poland. On October 8, 1999, Bishop Anthony Pilla appointed him associate pastor of The Shrine Church of St. Stanislaus in Cleveland, Ohio.
- Julio Broner: Born in Zaklikow, August 28th, 1921. Scaped to Argentina during World War II. He became the president of the CGE (Confederación General Económica, General Economic Confederation), and was a human rights activist.
- Michael Kuperwasser: Born in Zaklikow, November 13th, 1920. Rose to the rank of 2nd Lieutenant of the 1st Polish Army of the East, 13th Motorized Artillery, receiving the Krzyz Walecznych medal of valour for heroic acts against the german enemy invador. After World War II, he moved to New York. Like his childhood friend Julio Broner he later moved to South America; and became the Financial Director of Copacabana Palace Hotel and Intercontinental Coffee Company in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Notable customs
- Around the 1930s and 1940s, when there was a wedding in the town or Rachov, it was the custom that when the groom was from Zaklików, he was greeted on the Yanishov road.
Historical figures
- There was a Zaklika of Miedzygorze who was Chancellor of Poland some time in the 14th century.
- There was a Zaklika who built hospitals in Queen Jadwiga's time.
Map
Pictures
See also
Further reading
- Hayiti sham, (English: I was there), Editor: Joshua Laks, Published: Bene Berak 1993, Pages: 289, Language: Hebrew, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, Call No: 0623544, Zalman Aranne Central Library, Beer Sheva, Israel, Call No: 1300530
- Zaklikow: A Small Town to Remember (Hebrew; English translation of Hayiti sham), written by Joshua Laks: I was there (Zaklikow, Poland), 50°46' / 22°07', Published in Bnei Brak, Israel 1993
External links
