Ketotifen
Ketotifen
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name |
| 4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene)-4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one |
| Clinical data |
| AHFS/Drugs.com |
Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
| MedlinePlus |
a604033 |
| Pregnancy cat. |
C(US) |
| Legal status |
OTC (US) Oral - Prescription, Eye Drops - OTC |
| Routes |
Oral, Eye Drops |
| Pharmacokinetic data |
| Bioavailability |
60% |
| Protein binding |
75% |
| Metabolism |
Hepatic |
| Half-life |
12 Hours |
| Identifiers |
| CAS number |
34580-14-8 Y |
| ATC code |
R06AX17 S01GX08 |
| PubChem |
CID 3827 |
| DrugBank |
APRD01061 |
| ChemSpider |
3695 Y |
| UNII |
HBD503WORO Y |
| KEGG |
D01332 Y |
| ChEMBL |
CHEMBL534 Y |
| Chemical data |
| Formula |
C19H19NOS |
| Mol. mass |
309.426 g/mol |
| SMILES |
eMolecules & PubChem |
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InChI=1S/C19H19NOS/c1-20-9-6-13(7-10-20)18-15-5-3-2-4-14(15)12-17(21)19-16(18)8-11-22-19/h2-5,8,11H,6-7,9-10,12H2,1H3 Y
Key:ZCVMWBYGMWKGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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N(what is this?) (verify)
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Ketotifen is a second-generation H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. It is most commonly sold in as a salt of Fumaric Acid, Ketotifen fumarate, and is available in two forms. In its ophthalmic form, it is used to treat allergic conjunctivitis,[1] or the itchy red eyes caused by allergies. In its oral form, it is used to prevent asthma attacks. Side effects include drowsiness, weight gain, dry mouth, irritability, and increased nosebleeds.
The drug is marketed as ophthalmic solutions under the brand names Zaditor/Zaditen (Novartis)[2], Alaway (Bausch and Lomb), Zyrtec Itchy-Eye Drops, and Claritin Eye. A generic version of Novartis' Zaditor, ketotifen fumarate ophthalmic solution, 0.025%, is available from Perrigo and distributed as store brands.
General information
Ketotifen relieves and prevents eye itchiness and/or irritation associated with most seasonal allergies. It starts working within minutes after administering the drops. The drug has not been studied in children under three.[1] The mean elimination half life is 12 hours.[3] Besides its anti-histaminic activity, it is also a functional leukotriene antagonist and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The drug may also help relieve the symptoms of IBS[4]
References
- ^ a b Zaditor prescribing information Novartis
- ^ Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Alphabetically, beginning with Z.
- ^ Grahnén A; Lönnebo A, Beck O, Eckernäs SA, Dahlström B, Lindström B (May 1992). "Pharmacokinetics of ketotifen after oral administration to healthy male subjects". Biopharm Drug Dispos 13 (4): 255–262. doi:10.1002/bdd.2510130404. PMID 1600111.
- ^ Klooker TK, Braak B, Koopman KE, Welting O, Wouters MM, van der Heide S, Schemann M, Bischoff SC, van den Wijngaard RM, Boeckxstaens GE."The mast cell stabiliser ketotifen decreases visceral hypersensitivity and improves intestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome".Gut. 2010 Sep;59(9):1213-21. Epub 2010 Jul 21.
External links
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Receptor
ligands |
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Agonists: 2-Pyridylethylamine • Betahistine • Histamine • HTMT • UR-AK49
Antagonists: "1st generation": 4-Methyldiphenhydramine • Alimemazine • Antazoline • Azatadine • Bamipine • Benzatropine (Benztropine) • Bepotastine • Bromazine • Brompheniramine • Buclizine • Captodiame • Carbinoxamine • Chlorcyclizine • Chloropyramine • Chlorothen • Chlorphenamine • Chlorphenoxamine • Cinnarizine • Clemastine • Clobenzepam • Clocinizine • Cyclizine • Cyproheptadine • Dacemazine • Deptropine • Dexbrompheniramine • Dexchlorpheniramine • Dimenhydrinate • Dimetindene • Diphenhydramine • Diphenylpyraline • Doxylamine • Embramine • Etybenzatropine (Ethylbenztropine) • Etymemazine • Histapyrrodine • Homochlorcyclizine • Hydroxyethylpromethazine • Hydroxyzine • Isopromethazine • Isothipendyl • Meclozine • Mepyramine (Pyrilamine) • Mequitazine • Methafurylene • Methapyrilene • Methdilazine • Moxastine • Niaprazine • Orphenadrine • Oxatomide • Oxomemazine • Phenindamine • Pheniramine • Phenyltoloxamine • Pimethixene • Piperoxan • Promethazine • Propiomazine • Pyrrobutamine • Talastine • Thenalidine • Thenyldiamine • Thiazinamium • Thonzylamine • Tolpropamine • Tripelennamine • Triprolidine; "2nd generation": Acrivastine • Astemizole • Azelastine • Cetirizine • Clemizole • Clobenztropine • Ebastine • Emedastine • Epinastine • Ketotifen • Latrepirdine • Levocabastine • Loratadine • Mebhydrolin • Mizolastine • Olopatadine • Rupatadine • Setastine • Terfenadine; "3rd generation": Desloratadine • Fexofenadine • Levocetirizine; Miscellaneous: Tricyclic antidepressants ( Amitriptyline, Doxepin, Trimipramine, etc) • Tetracyclic antidepressants ( Mianserin, Mirtazapine, etc) • Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors ( Trazodone, Nefazodone) • Typical antipsychotics ( Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine, etc) • Atypical antipsychotics ( Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, etc)
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