ZP4

Zona pellucida glycoprotein 4

Identifiers

ZP4; ZBP; ZP1; ZPB; Zp-4

External IDs

OMIM: 613514 HomoloGene: 49661 GeneCards: ZP4 Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• signal transducer activity • receptor activity • acrosin binding
Cellular component	• extracellular region • proteinaceous extracellular matrix • intracellular • plasma membrane • integral to membrane
Biological process	• positive regulation of humoral immune response • single fertilization • protein kinase A signaling cascade • intracellular signal transduction • positive regulation of T cell proliferation • positive regulation of protein kinase activity • acrosomal vesicle exocytosis • protein kinase C signaling cascade • positive regulation of acrosome reaction • negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

n/a

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_021186

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_067009

n/a

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1:
238.05 – 238.05 Mb

n/a

PubMed search

[1]

n/a

Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZP4 gene.^[1]^[2]

Function

The zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte and early embryo. It is composed primarily of three or four glycoproteins with various functions during fertilization and preimplantation development. The nascent protein contains a N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a conserved zona pellucida-like domain, a consensus furin cleavage site, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain. It is hypothesized that furin cleavage results in release of the mature protein from the plasma membrane for subsequent incorporation into the zona pellucida matrix. However, the requirement for furin cleavage in this process remains controversial based on mouse studies.

Previously, this gene has been referred to as ZP1 or ZPB and thought to have similar functions as mouse Zp1.^[3] However, a human gene with higher similarity and chromosomal synteny to mouse Zp1 has been assigned the symbol ZP1 and this gene has been assigned the symbol ZP4.^[2]

References

^ Harris JD, Hibler DW, Fontenot GK, Hsu KT, Yurewicz EC, Sacco AG (Mar 1995). "Cloning and characterization of zona pellucida genes and cDNAs from a variety of mammalian species: the ZPA, ZPB and ZPC gene families". DNA Seq 4 (6): 361–93. PMID 7841460.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: ZP4 zona pellucida glycoprotein 4". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=57829.
^ Conner SJ, Lefièvre L, Hughes DC, Barratt CL (May 2005). "Cracking the egg: increased complexity in the zona pellucida". Hum. Reprod. 20 (5): 1148–52. doi:10.1093/humrep/deh835. PMID 15760956.

Rankin T, Dean J (2000). "The zona pellucida: using molecular genetics to study the mammalian egg coat.". Rev. Reprod. 5 (2): 114–21. doi:10.1530/ror.0.0050114. PMID 10864856.
Eberspaecher U, Becker A, Bringmann P et al. (2001). "Immunohistochemical localization of zona pellucida proteins ZPA, ZPB and ZPC in human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse ovaries". Cell Tissue Res. 303 (2): 277–87. doi:10.1007/s004410000287. PMID 11291774.
Kiefer SM, Saling P (2002). "Proteolytic processing of human zona pellucida proteins". Biol. Reprod. 66 (2): 407–14. doi:10.1095/biolreprod66.2.407. PMID 11804956.
Qi H, Williams Z, Wassarman PM (2002). "Secretion and Assembly of Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins by Growing Mouse Oocytes Microinjected with Epitope-tagged cDNAs for mZP2 and mZP3". Mol. Biol. Cell 13 (2): 530–41. doi:10.1091/mbc.01-09-0440. PMC 65647. PMID 11854410. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=65647.
Zhao M, Gold L, Ginsberg AM et al. (2002). "Conserved Furin Cleavage Site Not Essential for Secretion and Integration of ZP3 into the Extracellular Egg Coat of Transgenic Mice". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (9): 3111–20. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.9.3111-3120.2002. PMC 133755. PMID 11940668. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=133755.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Lefièvre L, Conner SJ, Salpekar A et al. (2005). "Four zona pellucida glycoproteins are expressed in the human". Hum. Reprod. 19 (7): 1580–6. doi:10.1093/humrep/deh301. PMID 15142998.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
Chakravarty S, Suraj K, Gupta SK (2005). "Baculovirus-expressed recombinant human zona pellucida glycoprotein-B induces acrosomal exocytosis in capacitated spermatozoa in addition to zona pellucida glycoprotein-C". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 11 (5): 365–72. doi:10.1093/molehr/gah165. PMID 15805145.
Furlong LI, Harris JD, Vazquez-Levin MH (2006). "Binding of recombinant human proacrosin/acrosin to zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins. I. Studies with recombinant human ZPA, ZPB, and ZPC". Fertil. Steril. 83 (6): 1780–90. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.042. PMID 15950651.
Caballero-Campo P, Chirinos M, Fan XJ et al. (2006). "Biological effects of recombinant human zona pellucida proteins on sperm function". Biol. Reprod. 74 (4): 760–8. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.105.047522. PMID 16407501.
Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE et al. (2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature 441 (7091): 315–21. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414.

ZP4

Function

References

Further reading