Symbol of the Yoshinkai |
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| Yoshinkan Aikido | |
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| Also known as | Aikido Yoshinkan Foundation (AYF), Yoshinkai, International Yoshinkan Aikido Federation (IYAF) |
| Date founded | 1955 |
| Country of origin | Japan |
| Founder | Gozo Shioda (塩田 剛三, Shioda Gōzō, 9 September 1915–17 July 1994) |
| Current head | Yasuhisa Shioda (born 15 November 1951) |
| Arts taught | Aikido |
| Ancestor arts | Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu |
| Ancestor schools | Aiki Budo, Aikikai |
| Descendant schools | Yoshokai, Renshinkai, Shudokan, Shinwakan |
| Practitioners | Kiyoyuki Terada, Kyoichi Inoue, Takefumi Takeno, Tsutomu Chida, Tsuneo Ando |
| Official Site | yoshinkan.net |
Aikido Yoshinkan (合気道 養神館 Aikidō Yōshinkan lit. "Aikido Cultivating the Spirit School") is a style of aikido founded by Gozo Shioda (1915–1994) after World War II. Yoshinkan Aikido is often called the "hard" style of aikido because the training methods are a product of the gruelling period that Shioda spent as a student of Morihei Ueshiba before the war. The Yoshinkan style is currently the second largest aikido organization worldwide[1].
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As a style of aikido, Yoshinkan is more akin to the pre-war aikibudo techniques taught by O-Sensei, and therefore also generally closer to aikijujutsu than those styles of aikido developed after the war. The unusual emphasis placed on correct form rather than correct flow and timing further contributes to its image as a "hard" style. Aikikai master Seiseki Abe said:
"As far as the Aikido [O-Sensei] practiced in his later years, even young girls, old people and children could do [the techniques]. That is a big difference. I suppose you could say that it was a difference in the severity or the strictness of the training. Before the war, it was severity and strong technique, as opposed to the (kind of) techniques that invigorate our partners as we have now."[2]
Gozo Shioda formed the Yoshinkan style of aikido because he felt that there needed to be greater consistency in the training process for students; he created a structured method in which beginning students would learn the foundation techniques. Techniques are made up of elements such as the initiating attack, the applicable control and whether it is a pin or throw. They are further divided into two groups called ichi (first) and ni (second) techniques. Ichi techniques have a feeling of the energy moving away from you, often with your partner, or uke, pulling. Ni techniques have a feeling of the energy coming towards you. In an ichi technique, the Yoshinkan practitioner goes with the pull; and for a ni technique he diverts or pivots away from the push.
Yoshinkan Aikido has some 150 kihon waza (lit. "basic techniques"), which are practised repeatedly. Proficiency in these enable the student to master the remaining ones, which total some 3000 overall. The syllabus contains no weapons forms, although they are practised as an adjunct to the open hand techniques. Like many styles of aikido, Yoshinkan eschews competition; instead, it emphasizes self defence applications. Yoshinkan aikido is one of the martial arts that has been taught to the Tokyo police.
Besides the usual attention to distance, timing and balance, the Yoshinkan style places particularly heavy emphasis on stance and basic movements. Yoshinkan’s distinctive stance, or kamae (lit. "posture" in Japanese), stresses the position of feet and hips. Yoshinkan aikido practitioners stand with hips and shoulders square to the front, the front foot pointing outward and the back foot pointing about 90 degrees to the front foot. Kamae is the foundation of all Yoshinkan aikido techniques and practitioners of Yoshinkan aikido strive to perfect their kamae so that their overall technique will be strengthened. Along with kamae there are 6 kihon dosa (lit. "basic movements") which are considered to be central for the 150 basic techniques. Yoshinkan aikido students practice these diligently to understand how to move their kamae around to put themselves in a strong position. Without proper form in one's basic movements one's aikido will not be as effective.
In 1990, Gozo Shioda founded the International Yoshinkai Aikido Federation (IYAF) to facilitate the learning of Yoshinkan aikido outside of Japan. Today, both the All Japan Yoshinkan Aikido Federation and the IYAF are now led by the current head of the style Yasuhisa Shioda, the founder's son. Under him, the Yoshinkan Honbu dojo, located in Shinjuku Tokyo, runs an annual 11-month intensive course called the Senshusei course derived from the course used to train the Tokyo Metropolitan Riot Police. The book Angry White Pyjamas by Robert Twigger is based on the author's experiences during the course.
Yoshokai aikido is an offshoot of Yoshinkan Aikido based in the United States founded by Takashi Kushida, a direct student of Gozo Shioda and a contemporary of Kyoichi Inoue.
Then-9th dan Kyoichi Inoue, shihan, resigned from the Yoshinkan in March 2006 following an internal dispute,[3] later establishing his own branch, Aikido Shinwakan (合氣道親和館).[4] Following Inoue-shihan's departure, Tsutomu Chida, 8th dan[5] and then-dojocho of Yoshinkan hombu dojo,[6] also broke away, establishing Aikido Renshinkai (合気道錬身会) in 2008.[7]
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