Ku80

X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 (double-strand-break rejoining)

PDB rendering based on 1jeq.
Identifiers
Symbols XRCC5; FLJ39089; KARP-1; KARP1; KU80; KUB2; Ku86; NFIV
External IDs OMIM: 194364 MGI: 104517 HomoloGene: 40681 GeneCards: XRCC5 Gene
EC number 3.6.1. EC 3.6.1.
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 7520 22596
Ensembl ENSG00000079246 ENSMUSG00000026187
UniProt P13010 Q3TE46
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021141.3 NM_009533.2
RefSeq (protein) NP_066964.1 NP_033559.2
Location (UCSC) Chr 2:
216.97 – 217.07 Mb		 Chr 1:
72.35 – 72.44 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Ku80 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XRCC5 gene.[1] Together, Ku70 and Ku80 make up the Ku heterodimer, which binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair. It is also required for V(D)J recombination, which utilizes the NHEJ pathway to promote antigen diversity in the mammalian immune system.

In addition to its role in NHEJ, Ku is required for telomere length maintenance and subtelomeric gene silencing.[2]

Ku was originally identified when patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were found to have high levels of autoantibodies to the protein.[1]

Ku80 has been referred to by several names including:

Contents

Clinical significance

A rare microsatellite polymorphism in this gene is associated with cancer in patients of varying radiosensitivity.[1]

Interactions

Ku80 has been shown to interact with NCOA6,[3][4] GCN5L2,[5] Ku70,[6][5][7][8][9] Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase,[10][11] Tyrosine kinase 2,[12] DNA-PKcs,[13][14][6] TERF2IP,[15] Telomerase reverse transcriptase,[16] POU2F1[17][14] and PCNA.[14][18][19]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: XRCC6 X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 6 (Ku autoantigen, 70kDa)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2547. 
  2. ^ Boulton SJ, Jackson SP (March 1998). "Components of the Ku-dependent non-homologous end-joining pathway are involved in telomeric length maintenance and telomeric silencing". EMBO J. 17 (6): 1819–28. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.6.1819. PMC 1170529. PMID 9501103. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1170529. 
  3. ^ Ko, L; Cardona G R, Chin W W (May. 2000). "Thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein, an LXXLL motif-containing protein, functions as a general coactivator". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 97 (11): 6212–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.11.6212. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 18584. PMID 10823961. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=18584. 
  4. ^ Ko, Lan; Chin William W (Mar. 2003). "Nuclear receptor coactivator thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein (TRBP) interacts with and stimulates its associated DNA-dependent protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (13): 11471–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209723200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12519782. 
  5. ^ a b Barlev, N A; Poltoratsky V, Owen-Hughes T, Ying C, Liu L, Workman J L, Berger S L (Mar. 1998). "Repression of GCN5 histone acetyltransferase activity via bromodomain-mediated binding and phosphorylation by the Ku-DNA-dependent protein kinase complex". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 18 (3): 1349–58. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 108848. PMID 9488450. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=108848. 
  6. ^ a b Gell, D; Jackson S P (Sep. 1999). "Mapping of protein-protein interactions within the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex". Nucleic Acids Res. (ENGLAND) 27 (17): 3494–502. doi:10.1093/nar/27.17.3494. PMC 148593. PMID 10446239. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=148593. 
  7. ^ Yang, C R; Yeh S, Leskov K, Odegaard E, Hsu H L, Chang C, Kinsella T J, Chen D J, Boothman D A (May. 1999). "Isolation of Ku70-binding proteins (KUBs)". Nucleic Acids Res. (ENGLAND) 27 (10): 2165–74. doi:10.1093/nar/27.10.2165. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 148436. PMID 10219089. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=148436. 
  8. ^ Singleton, B K; Torres-Arzayus M I, Rottinghaus S T, Taccioli G E, Jeggo P A (May. 1999). "The C terminus of Ku80 activates the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (5): 3267–77. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84121. PMID 10207052. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=84121. 
  9. ^ Song, K; Jung D, Jung Y, Lee S G, Lee I (Sep. 2000). "Interaction of human Ku70 with TRF2". FEBS Lett. (NETHERLANDS) 481 (1): 81–5. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01958-X. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 10984620. 
  10. ^ Karmakar, Parimal; Snowden Carey M, Ramsden Dale A, Bohr Vilhelm A (Aug. 2002). "Ku heterodimer binds to both ends of the Werner protein and functional interaction occurs at the Werner N-terminus". Nucleic Acids Res. (England) 30 (16): 3583–91. doi:10.1093/nar/gkf482. PMC 134248. PMID 12177300. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=134248. 
  11. ^ Li, B; Comai L (Sep. 2000). "Functional interaction between Ku and the werner syndrome protein in DNA end processing". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (37): 28349–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.C000289200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10880505. 
  12. ^ Adam, L; Bandyopadhyay D, Kumar R (Jan. 2000). "Interferon-alpha signaling promotes nucleus-to-cytoplasmic redistribution of p95Vav, and formation of a multisubunit complex involving Vav, Ku80, and Tyk2". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (UNITED STATES) 267 (3): 692–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1978. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 10673353. 
  13. ^ Jin, S; Kharbanda S, Mayer B, Kufe D, Weaver D T (Oct. 1997). "Binding of Ku and c-Abl at the kinase homology region of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (40): 24763–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.40.24763. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9312071. 
  14. ^ a b c Matheos, Diamanto; Ruiz Marcia T, Price Gerald B, Zannis-Hadjopoulos Maria (Oct. 2002). "Ku antigen, an origin-specific binding protein that associates with replication proteins, is required for mammalian DNA replication". Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Netherlands) 1578 (1-3): 59–72. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(02)00497-9. ISSN 0006-3002. PMID 12393188. 
  15. ^ O'Connor, Matthew S; Safari Amin, Liu Dan, Qin Jun, Songyang Zhou (Jul. 2004). "The human Rap1 protein complex and modulation of telomere length". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 279 (27): 28585–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312913200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 15100233. 
  16. ^ Chai, Weihang; Ford Lance P, Lenertz Lisa, Wright Woodring E, Shay Jerry W (Dec. 2002). "Human Ku70/80 associates physically with telomerase through interaction with hTERT". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (49): 47242–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208542200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12377759. 
  17. ^ Schild-Poulter, C; Pope L, Giffin W, Kochan J C, Ngsee J K, Traykova-Andonova M, Haché R J (May. 2001). "The binding of Ku antigen to homeodomain proteins promotes their phosphorylation by DNA-dependent protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (20): 16848–56. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100768200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11279128. 
  18. ^ Ohta, Satoshi; Shiomi Yasushi, Sugimoto Katsunori, Obuse Chikashi, Tsurimoto Toshiki (Oct. 2002). "A proteomics approach to identify proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-binding proteins in human cell lysates. Identification of the human CHL12/RFCs2-5 complex as a novel PCNA-binding protein". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (43): 40362–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206194200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12171929. 
  19. ^ Balajee, A S; Geard C R (Mar. 2001). "Chromatin-bound PCNA complex formation triggered by DNA damage occurs independent of the ATM gene product in human cells". Nucleic Acids Res. (England) 29 (6): 1341–51. doi:10.1093/nar/29.6.1341. PMC 29758. PMID 11239001. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=29758. 

Further reading