WASP-12b

WASP-12b
Extrasolar planet List of extrasolar planets

Size comparison of WASP-12b (right) with Jupiter.
Parent star
Star WASP-12
Constellation Auriga
Right ascension (α) 06h 30m 33s
Declination (δ) +29° 40′ 20″
Apparent magnitude (mV) 11.69
Distance 871[1] ly
(267 pc)
Spectral type G0
Mass (m) 1.35 ± 0.14 M
Radius (r) 1.57 ± 0.07 R
Temperature (T) 6300+200
−100
 K
Metallicity [Fe/H] 0.30+0.05
−0.15
Orbital elements
Semimajor axis (a) 0.0229 ± 0.0008 AU
(3.43 Gm)
    0.086 mas
Periastron (q) 0.0218 AU
(3.26 Gm)
Apastron (Q) 0.0240 AU
(3.59 Gm)
Eccentricity (e) 0.049 ± 0.015
Orbital period (P) 1.091423 ± 3e-6 d
    (26.19415 h)
Inclination (i) 83.1+1.4
−1.1
°
Argument of
periastron
(ω) -74+13
−10
°
Time of transit (Tt) 2454508.9761 ± 0.0002 JD
Physical characteristics
Mass (m) 1.39 ± 0.04[1] MJ
Radius (r) 1.83+0.06
−0.07
[1] RJ
Density (ρ) 326 kg m-3
Surface gravity (g) 1.16 g
Temperature (T) 2525[2] K
Discovery information
Discovery date April 1, 2008[1]
Discoverer(s) Cameron et al. (SuperWASP)
Detection method Transit
Discovery site SAAO
Discovery status Published[2]
Database references
Extrasolar Planets
Encyclopaedia
data
SIMBAD data

WASP-12b is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star WASP-12, discovered by the SuperWASP planetary transit survey. Its discovery was announced on April 1, 2008.[1] Due to its extremely close orbit to its star, it has one of the lowest densities for exoplanets ('inflated' by the flux of energy from the star). The planet takes only a little over a day to orbit the star, in contrast to 365 days for the Earth to orbit the Sun. Its distance from the star is only 1/44 the Earth’s distance from the Sun, with the eccentricity the same as Jupiter's.

Contents

Description

The planet is so close to WASP-12 that the star's tidal forces are distorting the planet into an egg shape and pulling away its atmosphere at a rate of about 10−7 MJ (about 189 quadrillion tonnes) per year.[3] The so-called "tidal heating", and the proximity of the planet to its star, combine to bring the surface temperature to more than 2,500 K (2,200 °C).

On 20 May 2010, the Hubble Space Telescope spotted WASP-12b being consumed by its star. Despite scientists already being aware that stars can consume planets, this is the first time such an event has been spotted so clearly. NASA has estimated that the planet has 10 million years left of its life.[4]

The Hubble Space Telescope observed the planet by using its Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS). The Hubble Telescope observations have confirmed predictions published in Nature in February 2009 by Peking University's Shu-lin Li. The planet's atmosphere has ballooned to be nearly three times the radius of Jupiter, while the planet itself has 40% more mass than Jupiter.

Carbon content

Recent evidence indicates that WASP-12b has a significantly enhanced carbon-to-oxygen ratio than that of the Sun, indicating that it is a carbon-rich gas giant. The C/O ratio compatible with observations is about 1, while the solar value is 0.54. The C/O ratios suggest that carbon-rich planets may have formed in the star system.[5] One of the researchers behind that study commented that "with more carbon than oxygen, you would get rocks of pure carbon, such as diamond or graphite".[6]

The published study states: "Although carbon-rich giant planets like WASP-12b have not been observed, theory predicts myriad compositions for carbon-dominated solid planets. Terrestrial-sized carbon planets, for instance, could be dominated by graphite or diamond interiors, as opposed to the silicate composition of Earth."[5] These remarks have led the media to pick on the story,[7] some even calling WASP-12b a "diamond planet".[8]

The carbon content of the planet is located within its atmosphere, in the form of carbon monoxide and methane. The study appears in the journal Nature.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "The Planets". SuperWASP. http://www.superwasp.org/wasp_planets.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-26. 
  2. ^ a b Hebb et al.; Collier-Cameron, A.; Loeillet, B.; Pollacco, D.; Hébrard, G.; Street, R. A.; Bouchy, F.; Stempels, H. C. et al. (2009). "WASP-12b: THE HOTTEST TRANSITING EXTRASOLAR PLANET YET DISCOVERED". The Astrophysical Journal 693 (2): 1920–1928. Bibcode 2009ApJ...693.1920H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1920. http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0004-637X/693/2/1920. 
  3. ^ Li, Shu-lin; Miller, N.; Lin, Douglas N. C. & Fortney, Jonathan J. (2010). "WASP-12b as a prolate, inflated and disrupting planet from tidal dissipation". Nature 463 (7284): 1054–1056. Bibcode 2010Natur.463.1054L. doi:10.1038/nature08715. PMID 20182506 .
  4. ^ Hubble Finds a Star Eating a Planet nasa.gov. 2010-05-20. Retrieved on 2010-12-10.
  5. ^ a b Madhusudhan, N.; Harrington, J.; Stevenson, K. B.; Nymeyer, S.; Campo, C. J.; Wheatley, P. J.; Deming, D.; Blecic, J. et al. (2010). "A high C/O ratio and weak thermal inversion in the atmosphere of exoplanet WASP-12b". Nature 469 (7328): 64–67. Bibcode 2011Natur.469...64M. doi:10.1038/nature09602. PMID 21150901.  edit
  6. ^ "Carbon-Rich Planet: A Girl's Best Friend?". U.S. News & World Report. 10 December 2010. http://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2010/12/10/carbon-rich-planet-a-girls-best-friend.html. 
  7. ^ Lorianna De Giorgio (10 December 2010). "Carbon-rich planet could house diamonds". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/article/905303--carbon-rich-planet-could-house-diamonds. 
  8. ^ "Diamond planet found by Keele University astronomers". BBC News Online. 9 December 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/stoke/hi/people_and_places/nature/newsid_9272000/9272801.stm. 
  9. ^ Intagliata, Christopher (December 9, 2010). "Exoplanet Strikes Carbon Pay Dirt". Scientific American. http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=exoplanet-strikes-carbon-paydirt-10-12-09. 

External links

Media related to [//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:WASP-12_b WASP-12b] at Wikimedia Commons

Coordinates: 06h 30m 33s, +29° 40′ 20″