Vilvoorde

Vilvoorde (French: Vilvorde) is a Belgian municipality in the Flemish province of Flemish Brabant. The municipality comprises the city of Vilvoorde proper with its two outlying quarters of Koningslo and Houtem and the small town of Peutie. The nickname for inhabitants of Vilvoorde is Pjeirrefretters (horse eaters) because horse meat (specially steak) is a beloved food in Vilvoorde.

The official language of Vilvoorde is Dutch. There is a French-speaking minority of about 20%, concentrated especially in the Koningslo quarter bordering Brussels. The French-speaking minority is represented by 3 members on the 33-seat local council. The city is also home to a large Spanish minority. In the center of the city, 1 out of 10 inhabitants have Spanish nationality and the proportion of Belgians with Spanish roots is even greater. Most immigrated after World War II, from Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo in Andalusia. There is also a large Moroccan community, and many smaller communities of more recent immigrants including Turks, Macedonians and Portuguese.

From 2000 until August 1, 2007, the mayor of Vilvoorde was former Belgian prime minister Jean-Luc Dehaene. The present mayor is Marc Van Asch.

History

Origins

The Nervii, and later the Romans, probably already settled in this strategic place near the river Zenne. The name Filfurdo was first mentioned in a 779 document whereby Pippin of Herstal ceased this territory to the Abbey of Chèvremont, near Liège. This name presumably derived from the word equivalents villa at the ford or river crossing.

Middle Ages

In the 12th century, a small town started to grow, which quickly became a target for the ambitions of the Dukes of Brabant and Lords of Grimbergen. Henry I, Duke of Brabant granted the city its charter of rights as soon as 1192, mainly to ensure the support of the inhabitants against powerful neighbouring Flanders. The rights to build defensive walls and to export its products gave Vilvoorde a great economic boost, driven mostly by the cloth industry. In the 14th century, thanks to its position on the Zenne, Vilvoorde became an important military centre and could compete against Leuven and Brussels for the title of most important city in Brabant.

15th century until now

From the 15th to the 19th century, however, Vilvoorde suffered a prolonged decline, mainly because of the competition from Brussels, a general malaise in the textile industry, and the result of epidemics and wars, both political and religious.

The advent of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century was a godsend to Vilvoorde, which could quickly capitalize on its proximity to Brussels and its good transportation infrastructure: the deepening of the canals around 1830 and the advent of the railways in 1835. Soon, the medieval buildings gave way to newer and better constructions. The 1489 city hall was replaced by the neo-classical building we see today.

In the 1920s, the canal was broadened and deepened again, lined with new industrial zones, and an inland port was built to receive the freightliners. Following its liberation by the British in 1944, Vilvoorde was administered by a joint British and Belgian municipality, with temporary British and Belgian Mayors, Lt Col (then Major) JME Howarth Esq and (Later Prof.) Robert Senelle, before transferring back to a civilian administration. Vilvoorde became (and still is) one of the largest industrial areas around Brussels, with a population that grew to five times what it was 150 years earlier. The recent economic crises have hit the city hard, especially when Renault closed its doors in 1997. The service industry is now taking the lead as Vilvoorde enters the 21st century.

Sights

• The neo-classical city hall and a covered market hall can be found on the main city square.
• The statue of a Brabant horse can be found nearby, commemorating the long tradition of horse trading in Vilvoorde.
• The Kijk-Uit house dates from the 15th or 16th century.
• The city also has interesting churches, including the Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (Church of Our Lady) that was started in the 14th century, and the basilica of Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ten-Troost (Our Lady of Consolation), built in the 17th-century Baroque style and adjoining the cloister of the Carmelites.
• Vilvoorde also has its fair share of parks, such as the Hanssenspark with English gardens and the Domein Drie Fonteinen (the "Domain of the Three Fountains"), which boasts both English and French gardens.
• The Vilvoorde Viaduct, part of the Brussels beltway.

Events

• Like many other Belgian cities, Vilvoorde has a week-long carnival, which takes place every year in the week of Shrove Tuesday (end of February - beginning of March)
• Every year, on the Monday three weeks after Easter, a very popular yearly market ("jaarmarkt") is held which features several competitions and exhibitions of farm animals (horses, cows, poultry, ...), and which coincides with the start of the yearly, week-long fair featuring plenty of attractions for children.

Famous inhabitants

• Jancko Douwama a Frisian nobleman that fought to free Friesland from Saxon rule was imprisoned by the Emperor Charles V in Vilvoorde castle from 1523 until his death in 1533.
• William Tyndale (1494–1536), English scholar and Bible translator was strangled and burnt in Vilvoorde, on October 6, 1536, the traditional date, after having been charged with heresy.
• Jean-François Portaels, orientalist painter (1818–1895)
• Jean-Luc Dehaene, (b. 1940) former Belgian Prime Minister and vice-chair of the Convention on the Future of Europe
• Danny Devos, artist working in body art and performance art (b. 1959)
• Francis Heylighen, scientist researching complex systems (b. 1960)
• Pascal Duquenne, actor (b. 1970)

Twin cities

•  Germany: Ennepetal
•  France: Maubeuge
•  Netherlands: Middelburg
•  Spain: Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo, Córdoba
•  Japan: Komatsu, Ishikawa

See also

• Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde electoral district

External links

• Official website - Only available in Dutch

References

1. ^ Population per municipality on 1 January 2010 (XLS; 221 KB)