| Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial | |
|---|---|
| Commonwealth War Graves Commission | |
View of the memorial tower (left) and Cross of Sacrifice (right) |
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| For Australian Imperial Force | |
| Unveiled | 22 July 1938 |
| Location | |
| Designed by | Sir Edwin Lutyens |
| To the Glory of God and in memory of the Australian Imperial Force in France and Flanders 1916–1918 and of eleven thousand who fell in France and have no known grave | |
| Statistics source: Cemetery register: Details • Reports • Plans • Photographs. CWGC. | |
The Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial is a World War I memorial, located near the commune of Villers-Bretonneux, in the Somme département of France. The memorial lists 10,773 names of soldiers of the Australian Imperial Force with no known grave who were killed between 1916, when Australian forces arrived in France and Belgium, and the end of the war. The location was chosen to commemorate the role played by Australian soldiers in the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. The memorial also serves as the Australian National Memorial to all the Australian dead during the Western Front of World War I.
Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, the memorial consists of a tower within Villers-Bretonneux Military Cemetery, which also includes a Cross of Sacrifice. The tower is surrounded by walls and panels on which the names of the missing dead are listed. The main inscription is in both French and English, on either side of the entrance to the tower.
The site for the memorial had been selected by General Sir Talbot Hobbs, commander of the Australian forces that had participated in the battle. A competition was held in 1925 to choose a design for the memorial. The competition was won by the Australian architect William Lucas, but both Hobbs and the head of the Imperial War Graves Commission, Sir Fabian Ware, disliked Lucas's design. Lutyens was approached after economic difficulties had led to the original memorial project being halted.[1] Hobbs, who was himself an architect, contributed to the design process, but died of a heart attack at sea while journeying to see it unveiled.
The memorial was unveiled on 22 July 1938 by King George VI, whose words were broadcast directly to Australia. Other dignitaries present included the French President Albert Lebrun, who also gave a speech, and the Australian deputy prime minister Earle Page. Accompanying the King was his wife Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, whose brother was killed at the Battle of Loos. This memorial was the last of the great memorials to the missing of World War I to be built, and the Second World War broke out just over a year after its unveiling.[2] It is now the site of an annual Anzac Day Dawn Service hosted by the Australian Government.
During the unveiling ceremony, the King closed his speech with the words:
| “ | They rest in peace, while over them all Australia's tower keeps watch and ward. | ” |
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—King George VI, 22 July 1938[2] |
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