Victoriapithecus macinnesi

Victoriapithecus macinnesi
Temporal range: Middle Miocene
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Cercopithecidae
Subfamily: Victoriapithecinae
von Koenigswald, 1969
Genus: Victoriapithecus
von Koenigswald, 1969
Species: V. macinnesi
Binomial name
Victoriapithecus macinnesi
von Koenigswald, 1969

Victoriapithecus macinnesi was a primate. [1] It was described from a single fossil specimen, the oldest Old World monkey skull fossil.[2] It was discovered near Lake Victoria in Kenya and is from the middle Miocene and was closely related to the two or three extinct Prohylobates species.[3] v.macinnesi von Koeningswald includes v.Leakeyi von Koeningswald [4]

Contents

Morphology

An average body mass of around 7.0 kilograms. On the forelimbs, the distal end of the humerus shows a narrow articulation and a deep ulnar notch. (Fleagle, 1988). [5] Described as similar to Cercopithecinae (BENEFIT,MCCROSSIN 1991) .[6]

Teeth

Teeth [7] measurements ( BENEFIT[8] 1993) [9] : The Data shown here is incomplete

| ------------------------------------------------ MAXILLARY ------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------------------------------------ MANDIBULAR ---------------------------------------------- |

| ------------------------- | ------------------ md ------------------ | ------------------ bl ------------------- | | ------------------------- | ------------------ md ------------------ | ------------------ bl ------------------- |

| --- (m3) -------------- | ----------------- 6,45 ----------------- | ----------------- 7,14 ----------------- | | -- (m3) --------------- | ----------------- 8,87 ----------------- | ----------------- 6,33 ----------------- |

| --- (m2) -------------- | ----------------- 7,28 ----------------- | ----------------- 8,06 ----------------- | | -- (m2) --------------- | ----------------- 7,38 ----------------- | ----------------- 6,72 ----------------- |

| --- (m1) -------------- | ----------------- 6,17 ----------------- | ----------------- 6.59 ----------------- | | -- (m1) --------------- | ----------------- 6,12 ----------------- | ----------------- 5,26 ----------------- |

| --- (p4) --------------- | ------------------ 4,65 ---------------- | ----------------- 6,50 ----------------- | | --- (p4) --------------- | ------------------ 5,58 ---------------- | ----------------- 4,72 ----------------- |

| --- (p3) --------------- | ------------------ 4,45 ---------------- | ----------------- 5,40 ----------------- | | --- (p3) --------------- | ------------ (m)7,2 (f)5,5 ------------ | ------------ (m)4,4 (f)4,1 ------------ |

| --- (c) ----------------- | ------------- (m)6,6 (f)4,5 ----------- | ---------- (m)4,9 (f)3,4 -------------- | | --- (c) ----------------- | ------------- (m)6,6 (f)4,5 ----------- | ---------- (m)3,9 (f)4,4 -------------- |

| --- (i2) ---------------- | ------------------ 3,05 ---------------- | ----------------- 3,86 ----------------- | | --- (i2) ---------------- | ------------------ 3,05 ---------------- | ----------------- 3,86 ----------------- |

| --- (i1) ---------------- | ----------------- 3,35 ----------------- | ------------------ 3,76 ---------------- | | --- (i1) ---------------- | ---------------- 3,37------------------- | ----------------- 3,76 ----------------- |

measurements in millimetres

md = mesiodistal length, bl = buccolingual width (across the mesial loph(id) for molars, labiolingual width for incisors)

Has a dental formula of 2:1:2:3 on both the upper and lower, the mandible is relatively deep when compared to other Old World monkeys. This species had lower molars that are bilophodont with low cusps. The canines are gender dimorphic . [5][10][11]

References

  1. ^ 2006 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-29798-7_4 [Retrieved 2012-01-01]
  2. ^ K. T. B. Blue (2002) researchkenya.org - [1] University of Chicago [Retrieved 2012-01-01]
  3. ^ Alan Walker, Pat Shipman The ape in the tree: an intellectual & natural history of Proconsul (288 pages) Harvard University Press, 2005 (books.google) ISBN 0674016750
  4. ^ Mikko's Phylogeny archive Cercopithecidae [Retrieved 2011-12-31][2005-10-03] references
    • [Benefit, B. R. & McCrossin, M. L., 2002: The Victoriapithecidae, Cercopithecoidea. p.241-253] & [Jablonski, N. G., 2002: Fossil Old World monkeys: The late Neogene radiation. 255-299 .] .in Hartwig, W. C., (eds.) 2002: The Primate Fossil Record.Cambridge University Press,(books.google) ,
    • Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution.– W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 ISBN 0716718227 PUB ID: 102-553-863
    • McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K., (eds.) 1997: Classification of mammals – above the species level.–Columbia University Press, New York, 1997, xii-631
    • Nowak, R. M., 1991: Walker's Mammals of the World; Part 1 + 2.–The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1991, xlviii-642-lxiiiNowak,
    • Simons, E. L. & Delson, E., 1978: Cercopithecidae and Parapithecidae.(docs.google)[2011-12-31]
  5. ^ a b members.tripod.com . (cacajao.tripod). Retrieved 2011-09-23 (2011-12-31). 
  6. ^ Brenda R. Benefit & Monte L. McCrossin (1991)Ancestral facial morphology of Old World higher primates (pubmedcentral.nih) article by in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 88, pp. 5267-5271, June 1991. [Retrieved 2011-12-31](2007-02-10) [ (Copyright © 1999–2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved. DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330920307 ]Copyright © 1999–2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330870305) Copyright © 1999–2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved. DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330950304 ] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.1330870305/abstract [ DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1999)7:5<155::AID-EVAN2>3.0.CO;2-D ] [Retrieved 2012-01-01]
  7. ^ B K Benefit The permanent dentition and phylogenetic position of Victoriapithecus from Maboko Island, Kenya [2] Journal of Human Evolution (1993) [Retrieved 2012-01-01]
  8. ^ docs.google Curriculum Vitae of B.R.Benefit - www.nmsu.edu/~anthro/documents/brenda-benefit-cv-2008.pdf - PDF/Adobe Acrobat [Retrieved 2011-12-31]
  9. ^ L.J.Hlusko (docs.google) Dental measurements BENEFIT 1993[Retrieved 2011-12-31]
  10. ^ J. G. Fleagle Primate adaptation and evolution (596 pages) Academic Press,(Google eBook) 1999 ISBN 0122603419 [Retrieved 2011-12-31]
  11. ^ E.L.DELSON, I.TATTERSALL, J.A. VAN COUVERING, A.S.BROOKS (docs.google) [Retrieved 2011-12-31]

External links