VRK2

Vaccinia related kinase 2

Identifiers

External IDs

OMIM: 602169 MGI: 1917172 HomoloGene: 55966 GeneCards: VRK2 Gene

2.7.11.1

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• nucleotide binding • protein serine/threonine kinase activity • protein binding • ATP binding
Cellular component	• membrane • integral to membrane
Biological process	• protein phosphorylation
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 2:
58.13 – 58.39 Mb

Chr 11:
26.37 – 26.49 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the VRK2 gene.^[1]

This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This gene is widely expressed in human tissues and has increased expression in actively dividing cells, such as those in testis, leukocytes, fetal liver, and carcinomas. Its protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and has been shown to phosphorylate casein and undergo autophosphorylation. While several transcript variants may exist for this gene, the full-length nature of only one has been biologically validated to date.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: VRK2 vaccinia related kinase 2". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7444.

Blanco S, Santos C, Lazo PA (2008). "Vaccinia-related kinase 2 modulates the stress response to hypoxia mediated by TAK1.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 27 (20): 7273–83. doi:10.1128/MCB.00025-07. PMC 2168905. PMID 17709393. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2168905.
Li LY, Liu MY, Shih HM, et al. (2006). "Human cellular protein VRK2 interacts specifically with Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1, a homologue of Bcl-2, and enhances cell survival.". J. Gen. Virol. 87 (Pt 10): 2869–78. doi:10.1099/vir.0.81953-0. PMID 16963744.
Blanco S, Klimcakova L, Vega FM, Lazo PA (2006). "The subcellular localization of vaccinia-related kinase-2 (VRK2) isoforms determines their different effect on p53 stability in tumour cell lines.". FEBS J. 273 (11): 2487–504. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05256.x. PMID 16704422.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
Nichols RJ, Traktman P (2004). "Characterization of three paralogous members of the Mammalian vaccinia related kinase family.". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (9): 7934–46. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310813200. PMID 14645249.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Nezu J, Oku A, Jones MH, Shimane M (1998). "Identification of two novel human putative serine/threonine kinases, VRK1 and VRK2, with structural similarity to vaccinia virus B1R kinase.". Genomics 45 (2): 327–31. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4938. PMID 9344656.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.

Kinases: Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11-12)

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)

Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)	LATS1, LATS2, MAST1, MAST2, STK38, STK38L, CIT, ROCK1, SGK, SGK2, SGK3, Protein kinase B (AKT1, AKT2, AKT3), Ataxia telangiectasia mutated, Mammalian target of rapamycin, EIF-2 kinases (PKR, HRI, EIF2AK3, EIF2AK4), Wee1 (WEE1)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (EC 2.7.11.2)	PDK1, PDK2, PDK3

Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3)	AMP-activated protein kinase α (PRKAA1, PRKAA2) · β (PRKAB1, PRKAB2) · γ (PRKAG1, PRKAG2, PRKAG3)

(3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)) (EC 2.7.11.4)	BCKDK, BCKDHA, BCKDHB

(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase (EC 2.7.11.5)	IDH2, IDH3A, IDH3B, IDH3G

(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.6)	STK4

Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7)	Aurora kinase (Aurora A kinase, Aurora B kinase)

Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.8)	FASTK, STK10

Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.9)	-

IκB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10)	CHUK, IKK2, TBK1, IKBKE, IKBKG, IKBKAP

cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11)	Protein kinase A, PRKACG, PRKACB, PRKACA, PRKY

cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12)	Protein kinase G, PRKG1

Protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)	Protein kinase C, Protein kinase Cζ, PKC alpha, PRKCB1, PRKCD, PRKCE, PRKCH, PRKCG, PRKCI, PRKCQ, Protein kinase N1, PKN2, PKN3,

Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14)	Rhodopsin kinase

Beta adrenergic receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.15)	Beta adrenergic receptor kinase, Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2

G-protein coupled receptor kinases (EC 2.7.11.16)	GRK4, GRK5, GRK6

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (EC 2.7.11.17)	BRSK2, CAMK1, CAMK2A, CAMK2B, CAMK2D, CAMK2G, CAMK4, MLCK, CASK, CHEK1, CHEK2, DAPK1, DAPK2, DAPK3, STK11, MAPKAPK2, MAPKAPK3, MAPKAPK5, MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4, MELK, MKNK1, MKNK2, NUAK1, NUAK2, OBSCN, PASK, PHKG1, PHKG2, PIM1, PIM2, PKD1, PRKD2, PRKD3, PSKH1, SNF1LK2, KIAA0999, STK40, SNF1LK, SNRK, SPEG, TSSK2, Kalirin, TRIB1, TRIB2, TRIB3, TRIO, Titin, DCLK1

Myosin light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18)	MYLK, MYLK2, MYLK3, MYLK4

Phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.11.19)	PHKA1, PHKA2, PHKB, PHKG1, PHKG2

Elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20)	EEF2K, STK19

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)

Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1, PLK2, PLK3, PLK4

Cyclin-dependent kinase (EC 2.7.11.22)	CDK1, CDK2, CDKL2, CDK3, CDK4, CDK5, CDKL5, CDK6, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9, CDK10, CDC2L5, CRKRS, PCTK1, PCTK2, PCTK3, PFTK1, CDC2L1

(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase (EC 2.7.11.23)	RPS6KA5, RPS6KA4, P70S6 kinase, P70-S6 Kinase 1, RPS6KB2, RPS6KA2, RPS6KA3, RPS6KA1, RPS6KC1

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24)	Extracellular signal-regulated (MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK4, MAPK6, MAPK7, MAPK12, MAPK15), C-Jun N-terminal (MAPK8, MAPK9, MAPK10), P38 mitogen-activated protein (MAPK11, MAPK13, MAPK14)

MAP3K (EC 2.7.11.25)	MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAP3K1, MAP3K2, MAP3K3, MAP3K4, MAP3K5, MAP3K6, MAP3K7, MAP3K8) RAFs (ARAF, BRAF, KSR1, KSR2), MLKs (MAP3K12, MAP3K13, MAP3K9, MAP3K10, MAP3K11, MAP3K7, ZAK), CDC7, MAP3K14

Tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26)	TPK1, TTK, GSK-3

(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27)	-

Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28)	-

Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29)	-

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30)	Bone morphogenetic protein receptors (BMPR1, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2), ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C, ACVR2A, ACVR2B, ACVRL1, Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor

Dual-specificity kinases (EC 2.7.12)

MAP2K	MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAP2K3, MAP2K4, MAP2K5, MAP2K6, MAP2K7

B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6

VRK2

References

Further reading