Urotensin-II
| Urotensin-II |
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| Identifiers |
| ChEMBL |
CHEMBL503037 |
| Jmol-3D images |
Image 1 |
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CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]1CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)O)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc3ccccc3)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc4c[nH]c5ccccc45)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc6ccc(O)cc6)C(=O)N1)C(=O)O
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| Properties |
| Molecular formula |
C64H85N13O18S2 |
| Molar mass |
1388.6 g/mol |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
| Infobox references |
Urotensin-II (U-II) is a peptide ligand, initially isolated from the neurosecretory system of the Goby fish (Gillichthys mirabilis)[1]. For many years it was thought that U-II does not exhibit significant effects in mammalian systems; a view quickly overturned when it was demonstrated that Goby U-II produces slow relaxation of mouse annococygeus muscle, in addition to contraction of rat artery segments. In 1998, the cDNA encoding a U-II precursor was cloned in humans, unequivocally demonstrating its existence in mammalian species.
In fish, U-II is secreted at the back part of the spinal cord, in a neurosecretory center called uroneurapophysa, and is involved in the regulation of the renal and cardiovascular systems. [2] In mammals, it is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. [3]
U-II peptide
As with other peptide ligands, U-II is synthesised from a larger precursor molecule, known as Prepro-urotensin-II, two isoforms have been identified in man of lengths 124 and 139 residues. Cleavage of either of these precursors produces identical, eleven residue, mature U-II peptides. The cyclic, C-terminal hexapeptide sequence((-CYS*-TRY-LYS-TRP-PHE-CYS*-), (*bridged CYS residues)), has been conserved through evolution from lamprey to human, species which diverged some 560 million years ago. The fact that such a strong evolutionary pressure has acted to conserve this sequence, highlights its physiological importance, indeed this hexapeptide sequence confers biological activity.
References
- ^ Bern HA, Lederis K (September 1969). "A reference preparation for the study of active substances in the caudal neurosecretory system of teleosts". J. Endocrinol. 45 (1): Suppl:xi–xii. PMID 5347394.
- ^ L. Fishelson, Zoology, renewed and corrected ed. 1984, Hakibutz Hameuchad Pub. House, Israel 1984. Vol II, p.126 (Hebrew)
- ^ Douglas SA, Dhanak D, Johns DG (2004). "From 'gills to pills': urotensin-II as a regulator of mammalian cardiorenal function". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 25 (2): 76–85. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2003.12.005. PMID 15102493.
See also
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B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)
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