| Umeå | |
|---|---|
| The Old Town Hall | |
| Nickname(s): Björkarnas Stad (The city of birches) | |
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Umeå
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Västerbotten |
| County | Västerbotten County |
| Municipality | Umeå Municipality |
| Charter | 17th Century |
| Area[1] | |
| • Total | 33.46 km2 (12.9 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2005)[1] | |
| • Total | 75,645 |
| • Density | 2,261/km2 (5,856/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Website | www.umea.se |
Umeå (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈʉːmɛo] ( listen); Finnish: Uumaja, Northern Sami: Ubmi) is a university town in northern Sweden. It is the seat of Umeå Municipality and the capital of Västerbotten County. The city is located at the Ume River.
Umeå is the biggest city in Norrland and the twelfth biggest in Sweden, with 75,645 inhabitants in 2005. The municipality has 115,229 inhabitants as of 2010.[2] When the university was established in 1965, growth sped up, and the number of housing has doubled in the last 30 years. As of 2011[update], 700 to 800 new apartments are constructed each year.[3]
Umeå is a center of education, technical and medical research in Sweden, with two universities and over 30,000 students. The city is elected European Capital of Culture of 2014.
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The first written mention of Umeå is from the 14th century. The northern parts of Sweden, including the counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, were settled by Sami people before this time, though not necessarily in the city's exact location. Umeå in its first form was a parish with a wooden church and trade post located in the section of town now known as Backen (or Kyrkbacken). Its location near the coast and on a river was probably one of the reasons that people chose to settle there.[4]
For the next couple of centuries Umeå was a place consisting of scattered parishes, where merchandise originating with the Sami people was traded, and was the last inhabited place before the northern wilderness took over. However, no real city was built at the location selected by the king, and it lost its town privileges in the 1590s.[4]
In 1622, a city was again founded by King Gustav II Adolf.[5] In 1638, it had about 40 houses.[4] It suffered from Russian attacks in 1714 and in 1720 when it was burnt to the ground. At the close of the Finnish War in 1809 the Russian army under Barclay de Tolly took Umeå and held it from June to August.[6]
On 25 June 1888, a fire devastated the eastern parts of Umeå and at least 2,300 of the 3,000 inhabitants became homeless. In the restoration following the fire, silver birch trees were planted along wide avenues to prevent future fires from spreading.[7] For this reason Umeå is sometimes known as "Björkarnas Stad", the "City of Birches" or "Little Stockholm"[8] and the name of the Umeå ice-hockey team, Björklöven, means "The Birch Leaves".
Umeå is situated on the inlet of the Gulf of Bothnia at the mouth of the Ume River, in the south of Västerbotten. Umeå is about 600 km north of Stockholm and about 400 km south of the Arctic Circle. It is the largest city north of the Stockholm-Uppsala region, and is sometimes referred to as the regional centre of northern Sweden. The nearby community of Holmsund serves as its port. From here a ferry line connects it with the neighbouring city of Vaasa (Swedish: Vasa) in Finland. The near connections to Finland affects the population of the city - several Sweden Finns live in Umeå.
The climate of Umeå is subarctic, with short and fairly warm summers. Winters are lengthy and freezing but considering the latitude very mild due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. Average january temperature is about -8°C, july is +16°C.
| Climate data for Umeå | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −5 (23) |
−4 (25) |
0 (32) |
6 (43) |
12 (54) |
17 (63) |
20 (68) |
18 (64) |
13 (55) |
7 (45) |
0 (32) |
−4 (25) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −11 (12) |
−11 (12) |
−8 (18) |
−3 (27) |
2 (36) |
8 (46) |
11 (52) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
1 (34) |
−4 (25) |
−9 (16) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
| Source: MSN Weather[9] | |||||||||||||
The road infrastructure in Umeå is well-developed, with two European highways (E4 and E12) passing through the city.[10] About 4 km from the city centre is the Umeå City Airport. It is the 7th largest airport in Sweden by annual number of passengers, with 844,932 passengers in 2010.[11][12]
The Bothnia Line (or Botniabanan) connects to Umeå from the south, it runs along the High Coast via Örnsköldsvik to Umeå. This railway was opened on 28 August 2010. The new railway line is 190 km long, containing 140 bridges and 25 km of tunnels. Currently there is no traffic running south of Örnsköldsvik on the Bothnia Line due to construction work on the connecting Ådalsbanan. The renovation is expected to be completed in December 2011 and will give Umeå a fast train connection to Stockholm (5½ hours). A new railway station, Umeå East Station, was built in connection to Norrland's University Hospital and Umeå University.
The Opera of northern Sweden, the Norrland Opera, is based in the city. The annual Umeå Jazz Festival is one of the larger Scandinavian festivals for modern jazz. Umeå is the home of the heavy metal band Meshuggah, which was labelled by the Rolling Stone as "one of the ten most important hard and heavy bands";[13] as well as Cult of Luna. Umeå is also where hardcore punk band Refused originated. House of Metal is a metal festival in Umeå which has grown quite big. Over well-known metal bands from Umeå include Nocturnal Rites and Persuader.
The main museums in Umeå are: Museum of the county of Västerbotten, The Museum of Umeå, The Museum of Visual Culture and the Museum of Skiing.
Umeå is a centre for cultural activities, with annual film and music festivals. The city has been elected the European Cultural Capital for 2014.[14]
Umeå is the center of television in northern Sweden, SVT Nord and TV4's northern region office are both based in the city. The main newspapers of the county of Västerbotten, Västerbottens-Kuriren and Västerbottens Folkblad are also based in Umeå.
A 1996 study of over 67,000 Swedish students between the ages of 16 and 20 found that there is a particularly high concentration of vegans in Umeå. 3.3% of the students in Umeå were vegan, three to four times as many as are found in other cities in Sweden.[15][16]
The city of Umeå currently hosts two well-known sports teams. The women's soccer team Umeå IK was the top ranked ladies club soccer team in the world in 2008. The men's hockey team IF Björklöven was very successful in the 1980s but has been less successful in recent years. Björklöven are currently playing in the Swedish third-tier league Division 1 while Umeå IK plays in the top Swedish women's football league Damallsvenskan.
Other sports clubs include:
Umeå also have a Roller Derby team, Ume Radical Rollers started in 2009 and they are still present.
Umeå University has about 30,000 students and 4,200 staff. The establishment of the university in the mid 1960s led to a population expansion from about 50,000 inhabitants to today's 75,645. The expansion continues, with about 1000 new inhabitants every year, and has made Umeå a modern, somewhat intellectual city in contrast to the traditional basis on heavy industry for cities along the coast of northern Sweden (Norrland).
The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences or "Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet" is a university in Sweden. Although its head office is located in Ultuna (Uppsala), the university has several campuses in different parts of Sweden, the other main facilities being Umeå. Unlike other state owned universities in Sweden, it is funded through the budget for the Ministry of Agriculture.
The university hospital serves the entire region of northern Sweden.
Key research fields of the University are life sciences (especially medical and cell and the molecular biology of plants), human technology interaction, social welfare, ecology and gender perspectives.
The Umeå University works collaboratively with companies such as ABB, Volvo, Skanska, Ericsson, and Ohrlings PricewaterhouseCoopers.
The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) in Umeå, with Umeå Plant Science Center, is another major site of research and education.
Notable companies based in Umeå:
| Country, city | Study design | Yeara | Age(years) | nb | … | Ve | … |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (I)g | Telephone interview with school matrons. | 1996 | 16-20 | 67 370 | … | 0.1 | … |
| Sweden, Umeå (I)g | Telephone interview with school matrons. | 1996 | 16-20 | 3 450 | … | 2.1 | … |
| Umeå is one of 133 places with the historical city status in Sweden. |
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