Uyezd or uezd (Russian: уезд, pronounced [uˈjɛst]) was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division. After the Russia annexed Ukraine, the Zaporizhian Host, and the Crimean Khanate that area gradually also was reformed and divided into uyezds; however, the local population called them povits.
Originally describing groups of several volosts, they formed around the most important cities. Uyezds were ruled by the appointees (namestniks) of knyaz and, starting from the 17th century, by voyevodas.
In 1708, an administrative reform was carried out by Peter the Great, dividing Russia into governorates. The subdivision into uyezds was abolished at that time but was reinstated in 1727, as a result of Catherine I's administrative reform.
By the Soviet administrative reform of 1923–1929, most of the uyezds were transformed into raions (districts). In Ukraine, uyezds were reformed into forty okrugs which between 1923 and 1932 were the primary-level of administrative division.
The uyezds of Bessarabia Governorate were called Ţinut or Judeţ in Romanian, which would translate as "county".
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