| Typhoon (JMA) | |
|---|---|
| Category 4 Super typhoon (SSHS) | |
| Typhoon Durian at peak intensity on November 29 | |
| Formed | November 25, 2006 |
| Dissipated | December 5, 2006 |
| Highest winds | 10-minute sustained: 195 km/h (120 mph) 1-minute sustained: 250 km/h (155 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 915 mbar (hPa; 27.02 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 1,497[1][2] |
| Damage | At least $13.5 billion (2006 USD) |
| Areas affected | Yap State, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia |
| Part of the 2006 Pacific typhoon season | |
Typhoon Durian (international designation: 0621, JTWC designation: 24W, designated Typhoon Reming by PAGASA and sometimes called Super Typhoon Durian) was an intense storm that wreaked havoc in the Philippines, causing massive loss of life when mudslides from the Mayon Volcano buried many villages. According to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Durian was the 24th tropical depression, 23rd tropical storm, 14th typhoon and 7th super typhoon of the 2006 Pacific typhoon season. It was also the 21st named storm and 14th typhoon of the season recognised by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre for tropical cyclones in this region, the Japan Meteorological Agency. The name Durian was submitted to the naming list by Thailand, which refers to a fruit, Durio zibethinus.[3]
Durian first made landfall in the Philippines packing strong winds and heavy rains that caused mudslides near Mayon Volcano. After causing massive damage in the Philippines, it exited into the South China Sea and weakened slightly, before managing to reorganise and restrengthen into a typhoon shortly before its second landfall, this time in Vietnam near Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, causing further damage of more than US$400 million. In all, Durian killed almost 2,000 people, and left hundreds more missing. Damages from the typhoon were estimated at over $13 billion (2006 USD).[4]
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An area of disturbed weather developed southeast of Chuuk (formerly Truk) on November 24. Wind shear near the disturbance soon decreased, allowing the depression to organize a little. It was designated a tropical depression by Japan Meteorological Agency on November 25, and later that day the Joint Typhoon Warning Center started issuing warnings on the system as it moved west-northwest towards Yap.[5] The depression strengthened because it was in an area of high sea-surface temperatures, and there were distinct cloud features of anticyclonic outflow, according to the JMA.[6] It was upgraded to a tropical storm on the afternoon of November 26 and named Durian.[7]
Moving west to west-northwestward, Durian intensified slowly. It became a severe tropical storm on November 27,[7] and the next day it was named Reming by PAGASA when it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Later on November 28, both the JMA and JTWC upgraded it to a typhoon as it continued to track towards the Philippines.[7] Rapid intensification occurred on November 29, causing the JMA to upgrade the storm to 100 knots in wind intensity,[7] and the JTWC to give it a Dvorak classification of 6.5 (127 kt) in a satellite fix. In 6 hours, Durian intensified from 90 kt 1-minute sustained winds to 125 kt. Durian began to weaken slightly as it approached land, undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle, but quickly regained peak strength.
PAGASA claimed that the storm made landfall on the morning of November 30 over southern Catanduanes, although the JMA and JTWC did not recognise this landfall. Durian then made another landfall after crossing the Lagonoy Gulf in northeastern Camarines Sur. After weakening due to interaction with land, Durian was downgraded back to a typhoon by the JTWC. The storm continued to move west, making landfalls on the Bondoc Peninsula in Quezon, on Marinduque and finally on Oriental Mindoro before exiting to the South China Sea.
Encountering dry air entrainment and vertical wind shear, Durian weakened slightly at first, but slowly began to reorganise and restrengthen as it neared Vietnam. Durian began to turn slightly southwest towards Nha Trang and Ho Chi Minh City on December 3. Eventually, Durian began to weaken again, and by December 4, the JMA downgraded it to a severe tropical storm.[7] The storm maintained intensity as it skirted the Vietnamese coast moving southwest. After a brief second stint at typhoon strength, Durian finally made landfall in Ben Tre Province on December 5. The system rapidly weakened over land, and the JMA downgraded it to a tropical storm.[7] The JMA and JTWC issued their final advisories later that day as Durian emerged into the Gulf of Thailand as a weak tropical depression. The remnants of Durian then crossed the coast of southern Thailand as it moved into the Bay of Bengal.[7]
Officials ordered the evacuation of citizens along coastal areas. In nearby Naga City, about 1,500 citizens left for emergency shelters. 1,000 were evacuated elsewhere in the region,[8] including 120 in the capital city of Manila and more than 800 in Legazpi City. In and around Manila, officials closed schools and canceled at least 11 flights at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport, including 9 domestic flights. The Coast Guard grounded all vessels on open waters, stranding around 4,000 ferry passengers in Quezon province. 25 provinces in the archipelago were placed on storm alert.[9]
Prior to the arrival of the typhoon in Vietnam, officials ordered residents in high-risk areas to evacuate; more than 14,000 in Phu Yen Province left their homes for high schools and government buildings set up as shelters.[10]
Upon making landfall, the powerful winds of the hurricane blew away houses, uprooted trees,[8] and left tens of thousands of residents without power. Widespread flooding was reported in Legazpi City.[9]
The typhoon produced heavy rainfall across its path, with localized totals reaching over 18 inches in Albay province. Earlier eruptions of Mayon Volcano combined with the rainfall to result in widespread mudslides across the province.[11]
The next day, reports of deaths or injuries had not reached the media centres.[8] Two weeks later, the death toll had risen to at least 720.[12]
Final death toll is not known, because large areas buried by major lahars around Mayon cannot be excavated.
Strong winds capsized several boats offshore Vietnam, killing two with one missing.[10] In Binh Thuan Province alone, 820 boats sank,[13] and throughout the country 896 fishing boats sank.[14]
Heavy rainfall from the typhoon destroyed 22 schools and 1,120 houses in Binh Thuan Province. Strong winds from Durian blew off the roofs of about 500 houses in Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu Province.[13] Throughout the nation, the passage of the typhoon destroyed 34,000 homes, with an additional 166,000 damaged. Typhoon Durian killed 98 in the country and injured 1,770 others. [1]
On December 3, due to the significant impact of Durian on the Philippines, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo declared a state of calamity in the Philippines, ordering the immediate release of 1 billion Philippine pesos ($20.7 million, 2006 USD) for relief in areas affected by Durian, Typhoon Xangsane, and Typhoon Cimaron.[15] This relief fund was increased to 3.6 billion pesos ($74.8 million, 2006 USD) on December 6, including an additional 150 million pesos ($3.1 million) for power grid repair.[16]
The international response came shortly after the calamity status was declared. On December 3, Canada released $1 million ($860,000 USD) for local relief through its embassy in Manila and through the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.[15][17] UNICEF donated 4,000 packages containing food, mattresses, and blankets, and UNOCHA donated $1– 2 million (USD) for relief supplies.[17] Spain donated $250,000 (USD) and sent medical teams, medicines, food, and supplies to affected areas.[18] The United States donated $250,000 plus supplies through the USAID program, and the Filipino community on Saipan contributed cash, food, and supplies.[17] Australia released $1 million ($792,000 USD) through its AusAID program.[17] Indonesia sent two C-130 Hercules aircraft to Legazpi City, carrying a total of 25 tons of food, medicine, and clothing valued at 1.17 billion Indonesian rupiah ($129,000 USD).[18] Japan pledged tents, blankets, generators, and water management equipment through the Japan International Cooperation Agency.[18] Malaysia donated 20 tons of food and medicines, and Singapore sent two batches of supplies valued at $50,000 (USD) through Singapore Airlines.[17] The Republic of Korea pledged $100,000 (USD) cash, while the People's Republic of China pledged $200,000 (USD).[18] Israel donated $7,500 (USD), mostly in medicines and medical supplies.[18]
In Vietnam, which had recently been affected by Typhoon Xangsane, the national government released 150 billion Vietnamese đồng ($9 million, 2006 USD) in food and supplies to families in affected areas.[19] The United States donated $100,000 (USD), and its Oxfam organisation donated $200,000 (USD) to the most affected provinces.[19] The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement launched an emergency appeal for $2.47 million (USD) to support the efforts of the Vietnam Red Cross, which distributed over 2,000 packets of supplies and over 2 tonnes of rice, medicine, and clothes.[20]
Due to the significant amounts of damage and fatalities Durian caused, it was decided at the 39th annual meeting of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in Manila in December 2006 that the name Durian, along with four others, would be retired from the name list.[21] In December 2007, the committee selected the name Mangkhut to replace Durian on the Western Pacific basin name lists beginning in 2008.[22] Its PAGASA name, Reming, was also retired by PAGASA. In 2010 the name selected by PAGASA to replace Reming was Ruby.
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Tropical cyclones of the 2006 Pacific typhoon season |
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