Twentieth dynasty of Egypt

Dynasties of Ancient Egypt Early Dynastic • 1st Dynasty (c. 3050 – 2890 BC) • 2nd Dynasty (2890 – 2686 BC) Old Kingdom • 3rd Dynasty (2686 – 2613 BC) • 4th Dynasty (2613 – 2498 BC) • 5th Dynasty (2498 – 2345 BC) • 6th Dynasty (2345 – 2181 BC) First Intermediate • 7th Dynasty (2181 – 2160 BC) • 8th Dynasty (2181 – 2160 BC) • 9th Dynasty (2160 – 2130 BC) • 10th Dynasty (2130 – 2040 BC) • 11th Dynasty (Thebes only) (2134 – 1991 BC) Middle Kingdom • 11th Dynasty (All Egypt) (2134 – 1991 BC) • 12th Dynasty (1991 – 1803 BC) • 13th Dynasty (1803 – 1649 BC) • 14th Dynasty (1705 – 1690 BC) Second Intermediate • 15th Dynasty (1674 – 1535 BC) • 16th Dynasty (1660 – 1600 BC) • 17th Dynasty (1650 – 1549 BC) New Kingdom • 18th (1549 – 1292 BC) • 19th (1292 – 1186 BC) • 20th (1186 – 1069 BC) Third Intermediate • 21st (1069 – 945 BC) • 22nd (945 – 720 BC) • 23rd (837 – 728 BC) • 24th (732 – 720 BC) • 25th (732 – 653 BC) Late Period • 26th (672 – 525 BC) • 27th (First Achaemenid Period) (525 – 404 BC) • 28th (404 – 398 BC) • 29th (398 – 380 BC) • 30th (380 – 343 BC) • 31st (Second Achaemenid Period) (343 – 332 BC)

The Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom. This dynasty is considered to be the last one of the New Kingdom of Egypt, and was followed by the Third Intermediate Period.

Contents 1 Pharaohs of the 20th Dynasty 1.1 Background 1.2 Tomb robbing 1.3 Decline 2 Twentieth Dynasty timeline 3 See also 4 References

Pharaohs of the 20th Dynasty

The Pharaohs of the 20th dynasty ruled for approximately one hundred and twenty years: from ca 1187 to 1064 BC. The dates and names in the table are taken from Dodson and Hilton. ^[1]. Many of the pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings in Thebes (designated KV). More information can be found on the Theban Mapping Project website. ^[2]

Twentieth Dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt

name of King	Horus (Throne) Name	date	Burial	Queen(s)
Setnakhte	Userkhaure	1187 - 1185 BC	KV14	Tiy-merenese
Ramesses III	Usermaatre-Meryamun	1185 - 1153 BC	KV11	Iset Ta-Hemdjert Tiye
Ramesses IV	User/Heqamaatre Setepenamun	1153 - 1146 BC	KV2	Duatentopet
Ramesses V Amenhirkhepeshef I	Usermaatre Sekheperenre	1146 - 1141 BC	KV9	Henutwati Tawerettenru
Ramesses VI Amenhirkhepeshef II	Nebmaatre Meryamun	1141 - 1133 BC	KV9	Nubkhesbed
Ramesses VII Itamun	Usermaatre Setepenre Meryamun	1133 - 1125 BC	KV1
Ramesses VIII Sethhirkhepeshef	Usermaatre Akhenamun	1125 - 1123 BC
Ramesses IX Khaemwaset I	Neferkare Setepenre	1123 - 1104 BC	KV6	Baketwernel
Ramesses X Amenhirkhepeshef III	Khepermaatre Setepenre	1104 - 1094 BC	KV18	Tyti
Ramesses XI Khaemwaset II	Menmaatre Setpenptah	1094 - 1064 BC	KV4	Tentamun

Background

Pharaoh Setnakhte was likely already middle aged when he took the throne after Queen Twosret. He only ruled for a short time when he was succeeded by his son Ramesses III. Egypt was threatened by the Sea Peoples during this time period, but Ramesses III was able to defeat this confederacy from the Near East. The king is also known for a harem conspiracy in which Queen Tiye attempted to assassinate the king and put her son Pentawere on the throne. The coup was not successful in the end. The king may have died from the attempt on his life, but it was his legitimate heir Ramesses IV who succeeded him to the throne. After this a succession of kings named Ramesses take the throne, but none would truly achieve greatness. ^[3]

Tomb robbing

The period of these rulers is notable for the beginning of the systematic robbing of the Royal Tombs. Many surviving administrative documents from this period are records of investigations and punishment for these crimes, especially in the reigns of Ramses IX and Ramses XI.^[4]

Decline

As happened under the earlier Nineteenth Dynasty, this group struggled under the effects of the bickering between the heirs of Ramesses III. For instance, three different sons of Ramesses III are known to have assumed power as Ramesses IV, Ramesses VI and Ramesses VIII respectively. However, at this time Egypt was also increasingly beset by a series of droughts, below-normal flooding levels of the Nile, famine, civil unrest and official corruption – all of which would limit the managerial abilities of any king. The power of the last king, Ramesses XI, grew so weak that in the south the High Priests of Amun at Thebes became the effective defacto rulers of Upper Egypt, while Smendes controlled Lower Egypt even before Ramesses XI's death. Smendes would eventually found the Twenty-First dynasty at Tanis.^[5]

Twentieth Dynasty timeline

See also

• Twentieth dynasty of Egypt Family Tree

References