Emperor Tsuchimikado

Tsuchimikado
Emperor of Japan
Reign 1198–1210
Born January 3, 1196
Died November 6, 1231 (aged 35)
Buried Kanegahara no misasagi (Kyoto)
Predecessor Go-Toba
Successor Juntoku
Consort Fujiwara no Reishi

Emperor Tsuchimikado (土御門天皇 Tsuchimikado-tennō?, January 3, 1196 – November 6, 1231) was the 83rd emperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2]

Tsuchimikado's reign spanned the years from 1198 through 1210.[3]

Contents

Genealogy

Before Tsuchimikado's ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina) was Tamehito-shinnō (為仁親王?).[4]

He was the firstborn son of Emperor Go-Toba. His mother was Ariko (在子) (1171–1257), daughter of Minamoto no Michichika (源通親).

Tsuchimikado's Imperial family lived with him in the Dairi of the Heian Palace. His family included three sons by three different consorts:[2]

Events of Tsuchimikado's life

In 1198, he became emperor upon the abdication of Emperor Go-Toba, who continued to exercise Imperial powers as cloistered emperor.

In Kyōto, Minamoto no Michichika took power as steward, and in Kamakura, in 1199, upon the death of Minamoto no Yoritomo, Hōjō Tokimasa began to rule as Gokenin.

Tsuchimikado removed himself from Kyoto, traveling first to Tosa province (now known as Kōchi Prefecture); and later, he moved to Awa province, where he died in exile.[9]

Tsuchimikado's official Imperial tomb is in Kyoto. The emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi). This mausoleum shrine is formally named Kanegahara no misasagi.[10]

Kugyō

Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Tsuchimikado's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

Eras of Tsuchimikado's reign

The years of Tschuimikado's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[12]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 土御門天皇 (83)
  2. ^ a b Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 86-87.
  3. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 221-230; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 3339-341; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 220-221.
  4. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 9; Titsingh, p. 221; Brown, p. 339; Varley, p. 220.
  5. ^ a b mother of Emperor Go-Saga -- see Ponsonby-Fane, p. 20.
  6. ^ Brown, p.339; Varley, p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
  7. ^ Titsingh, p.221; Varley, p. 44.
  8. ^ a b c Ponsonby-Fane, p. 87.
  9. ^ Takekoshi, Yosaburō. (2004). The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan, Volume 1, p. 186; Ponsonby-Fane, p. 87.
  10. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 422.
  11. ^ a b Brown, p. 339.
  12. ^ Titsingh, p. 221; Brown, p. 340.

References

Regnal titles
Preceded by
Emperor Go-Toba		 Emperor of Japan:
Tsuchimikado
1198–1210		 Succeeded by
Emperor Juntoku
Legendary period
Kofun period
Asuka period (552–710)
Nara period (710–794)
Heian period (794–1185)
Kamakura period (1185–1333)
Northern Court (1333–1392)
Muromachi period (1333–1573)
Momoyama period (1573–1603)
Edo period (1603–1868)
Prewar period (1868–1945)
Postwar period (1945–present)
♀ - Empresses