| Tsolyáni | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsolyáni | ||||
| Created by | MAR Barker | |||
| Category (purpose) |
constructed language
|
|||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-3 | – | |||
|
||||
Tsolyáni is one of several languages invented by M. A. R. Barker, developed in the mid-to-late 1940s[1][2][3] in parallel with his legendarium leading to the world of Tékumel as described in the Empire of the Petal Throne roleplaying game, published by TSR in 1975.
It was the first constructed language ever published as part of a role-playing game and draws its inspiration from Urdu, Pashto, Mayan and Nahuatl. The latter influence can be seen in the inclusion of the sounds hl [ɬ] and tl [tɬ]. One exact borrowing from a real-world source is the Tsolyáni noun root sákbe, referring to the fortified highways of the Five Empires; it is the same word as the Yucatec Maya sacbe, referring to the raised paved roads constructed by the pre-Columbian Maya. Another close borrowing is from the Nahuatl word tlatoani, referring to a leader of an Aztec state (e.g. Montezuma); it is similar to the clan-name of the Tsolyáni emperors, Tlakotáni.
Contents |
Tsolyáni is written in an offshoot of the Engsvanyáli script[4] which was developed by Barker in parallel with the language, being very close to its modern-day form by 1950.[1][3] It is read from right-to-left and is constructed like the Arabic script. The consonants each have 4 different forms: isolate, initial, medial, and final; the 6 vowels and 3 diphthongs each only have an independent initial form, while diacritical marks are used for medial and final vowels.[5]
Tsolyáni has an unusual sound system, with elements blended from Arabic, Urdu, Pashto, and Mayan.
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Lateral | ||||||||||
| Plosives | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | q /q/ | ’ /ʔ/ | |||||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /ɡ/ | ||||||||
| Affricates | voiceless | (ps /ps/) | ts /ts/ | tl /tɬ/ | ch /tʃ/ | (ks /ks/) | |||||
| voiced | (bz /bz/) | (dz /dz/) | j /dʒ/ | (gz /ɡz/) | |||||||
| Fricatives | voiceless | f /f/ | th /θ/ | s /s/ | hl /ɬ/ | sh /ʃ/ | ss /ʂ/ | kh /x/ | h /h/ | ||
| voiced | v /v/ | dh /ð/ | z /z/ | zh /ʒ/ | gh /ɣ/ | ||||||
| Nasals | m /m/ | n /n/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||||||
| Rhotics | Tap | r /ɾ/ | |||||||||
| Trill | rr /r/ | ||||||||||
| Approximants | w /w/ | l /l/ | y /j/ | ||||||||
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| High | i /i/ | ü /y/ or /ɯ/ | u /u/ | |
| Mid | e /e/ | o /o/ | ||
| Low | a /ɑ/ | |||
There are three diphthongs used by Tsolyáni: ai /ɑi/, oi /oi/, au /ɑu/.
Tsolyáni is the only Tekumeláni language that has had a full grammar book, dictionary, pronunciation tapes (now on CD) and a primer, all publicly released. Yet, it is not the only language Barker has developed for his imaginary world. He also wrote grammar guides for other languages he developed for it, including Yán Koryáni, Livyáni, Engsvanyáli and Sunúz. In the world of Tékumel, the latter two languages are extinct, or dead languages: Engsvanyáli is the root language for Tsolyáni and of many other currently spoken languages of the known parts of Tékumel. Sunúz is an obscure language, used for sorcerous purposes; it contains terms to describe movement in a supposed six-dimensional multi-planar space, something of use to the fictional beings who visit the other planar realms where demons live.
Barker has also published extensively on scripts for other languages of Tékumel.
|
|||||||||||||||||