Trichomycterus

Trichomycterus
Trichomycterus areolatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Siluriformes
Family: Trichomycteridae
Subfamily: Trichomycterinae
Genus: Trichomycterus
Valenciennes, 1832
Type species
Trichomycterus nigricans
Valenciennes, 1832
Species

See text.

Trichomycterus is a genus of catfishes, the largest genus in the family Trichomycteridae with over 100 species currently described.

Contents

Taxonomy

This genus is defined by the lack of specializations found in other trichomycterids and is certainly polyphyletic.[1][2] Although known to contain many species, Trichomycterus is poorly known with many of the known species based on brief descriptions.[1] Many species have been described recently and many more are waiting to be described.[3]

Some authors have tentatively defined putative monophyletic assemblages within the genus Trichomycterus based on the possession of unique morphological features.[1] The T. brasiliensis species-complex includes T. brasiliensis, T. iheringi, T. maracaya, T. mimonha, T. potschi, T. vermiculatus, and several undescribed species apparently endemic to the main river basins draining the Brazilian Shield.[4] However, an assemblage of species from south and southeastern Brazil is also supported that includes T. guaraquessaba, T. iheringi, T. nigricans, T. davisi, T. stawiarski, T. castroi, T. triguttatum, T. immaculatus, T. itatiayae, T. mirissumba, T. zonatus, T. naipi, T. taboba, T. papilliferus, T. mboycy, and T. plumbeus.[2] T. aguarague, T. alterus, T. boylei, T. ramosus, and T. belensis also form a diagnosable species assemblage.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Species of Trichomycterus inhabit a diversity of habitats throughout South and Central America from Costa Rica in the north to Patagonia in the south, and from lowland Atlantic rainforest in the east to Andean streams in the west.[5] A number of species of Trichomycterus are known from various mid- to high-elevation localities in western Argentina; in these upland regions the species of Trichomycterus are among the few, or sometimes only, fishes occupying water bodies at middle to higher elevations.[6] About 60 nominal species are endemic to the river basins draining the Andes and hills of the Guianan Shield, and about 30 species are endemic to river basins draining the Brazilian Shield.[7]

Despite the broad distribution of the genus, most species have limited distributions, and usually are restricted to only one river.[8] Wide-ranging species are most likely complexes of species that are difficult to differentiate, such as the T. brasiliensis species-complex.[4] Trichomycterus gorgona, from a small stream on Gorgona Island located west of the Pacific coast of Colombia, is the first known trichomycterid to be endemic to an offshore island.[9]

Six hypogean species are in the genus Trichomycterus: Trichomycterus chaberti, T. itacarambiensis, T. santanderensis, T. spelaeus, and T. uisae.[10]

Description

These fish are generally small, usually about 50–150 millimetres (2–6 in) SL.[1] Species differ from one another primarily in body proportions, fin ray counts, and colouration.[5]

Species

Species list according to Ferraris, 2007; newer species with references.[11]

  • Trichomycterus aguarague[5]
  • Trichomycterus albinotatus
  • Trichomycterus alternatus
  • Trichomycterus alterus
  • Trichomycterus areolatus
  • Trichomycterus arleoi
  • Trichomycterus auroguttatus
  • Trichomycterus bahianus
  • Trichomycterus banneaui
  • Trichomycterus barbouri
  • Trichomycterus belensis[12]
  • Trichomycterus bogotensis
  • Trichomycterus bomboizanus
  • Trichomycterus borellii
  • Trichomycterus boylei
  • Trichomycterus brasiliensis
  • Trichomycterus caliensis
  • Trichomycterus caipora[3]
  • Trichomycterus candidus
  • Trichomycterus castroi
  • Trichomycterus catamarcensis[13]
  • Trichomycterus caudofasciatus[7]
  • Trichomycterus celsae
  • Trichomycterus chaberti
  • Trichomycterus chapmani
  • Trichomycterus chiltoni
  • Trichomycterus chungarensis
  • Trichomycterus concolor
  • Trichomycterus conradi
  • Trichomycterus corduvensis
  • Trichomycterus crassicaudatus[14]
  • Trichomycterus davisi
  • Trichomycterus diabolus
  • Trichomycterus dispar
  • Trichomycterus dorsostriatus
  • Trichomycterus duellmani
  • Trichomycterus emanueli
  • Trichomycterus fassli
  • Trichomycterus gabrieli
  • Trichomycterus giganteus[8]
  • Trichomycterus goeldii
  • Trichomycterus gorgona[9]
  • Trichomycterus guaraquessaba[2]
  • Trichomycterus guianensis
  • Trichomycterus hasemani
  • Trichomycterus heterodontus
  • Trichomycterus igobi[15]
  • Trichomycterus iheringi[2]
  • Trichomycterus immaculatus
  • Trichomycterus itacambirussu
  • Trichomycterus itacarambiensis
  • Trichomycterus itatiayae
  • Trichomycterus jacupiranga[16]
  • Trichomycterus jequitinhonhae
  • Trichomycterus johnsoni
  • Trichomycterus knerii
  • Trichomycterus landinga
  • Trichomycterus latidens
  • Trichomycterus latistriatus
  • Trichomycterus laucaensis
  • Trichomycterus lewi
  • Trichomycterus longibarbatus
  • Trichomycterus maracaiboensis
  • Trichomycterus maracaya[4]
  • Trichomycterus mboycy[17]
  • Trichomycterus megantoni [18]
  • Trichomycterus meridae
  • Trichomycterus migrans
  • Trichomycterus mimonha
  • Trichomycterus mirissumba
  • Trichomycterus mondolfi
  • Trichomycterus motatanensis
  • Trichomycterus naipi[17]
  • Trichomycterus nigricans
  • Trichomycterus nigromaculatus
  • Trichomycterus pantherinus[7]
  • Trichomycterus paolencis
  • Trichomycterus papilliferus[17]
  • Trichomycterus paquequerensis
  • Trichomycterus pauciradiatus[1]
  • Trichomycterus piurae
  • Trichomycterus plumbeus[17]
  • Trichomycterus potschi[19]
  • Trichomycterus pradensis
  • Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys[6]
  • Trichomycterus punctatissimus
  • Trichomycterus punctulatus
  • Trichomycterus ramosus
  • Trichomycterus regani
  • Trichomycterus reinhardti
  • Trichomycterus retropinnis
  • Trichomycterus riojanus
  • Trichomycterus rivulatus
  • Trichomycterus roigi
  • Trichomycterus romeroi
  • Trichomycterus santaeritae
  • Trichomycterus santanderensis[20]
  • Trichomycterus spegazzinii
  • Trichomycterus spelaeus
  • Trichomycterus spilosoma
  • Trichomycterus stawiarski
  • Trichomycterus stellatus
  • Trichomycterus straminius
  • Trichomycterus striatus
  • Trichomycterus taczanowskii
  • Trichomycterus taenia
  • Trichomycterus taeniops
  • Trichomycterus taroba[17]
  • Trichomycterus tenuis
  • Trichomycterus therma[21]
  • Trichomycterus transandianus
  • Trichomycterus trefauti[22]
  • Trichomycterus triguttatus
  • Trichomycterus tropiero[23]
  • Trichomycterus tupinamba[16]
  • Trichomycterus unicolor
  • Trichomycterus uisae[10]
  • Trichomycterus variegatus
  • Trichomycterus venulosus
  • Trichomycterus vermiculatus
  • Trichomycterus vittatus
  • Trichomycterus weyrauchi
  • Trichomycterus yuska[24]
  • Trichomycterus zonatus

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Alencar, Aline R.; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2006). "Trichomycterus pauciradiatus, a new catfish species from the upper rio Paraná basin, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF). Zootaxa 1269: 43–49. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/zt01269p049.pdf. 
  2. ^ a b c d Wosiacki, Wolmar B. (2005). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from south Brazil and redescription of T. iheringi (Eigenmann)" (PDF). Zootaxa 1040: 49–64. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/zt01040p064.pdf. 
  3. ^ a b Lima, Sergio M. Q.; Lazzarotto, Henrique; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2008). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from lagoa Feia drainage, southeastern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (3): 315–322. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252008000300004. 
  4. ^ a b c Bockmann, Flávio A.; Sazima, Ivan (2004). "Trichomycterus maracaya, a new catfish from the upper rio Paraná, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with notes on the T. brasiliensis species-complex" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 2 (2): 61–74. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252004000200003. http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol2num2%5C061a074_bockmann&sazimaLR.pdf. 
  5. ^ a b c d Fernández, Luis; Osinaga, Karina (2006). "A New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Aguarague National Park of the Bolivian Preandean Region, with Comments on Relationships within of the Genus". Environmental Biology of Fishes 75 (4): 385–393. doi:10.1007/s10641-005-5065-4. 
  6. ^ a b Fernández, Luis; Vari, Richard P. (2004). Armbruster, J. W.. ed. "New Species of Trichomycterus from Midelevation Localities of Northwestern Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Copeia 2004 (4): 876–882. doi:10.1643/CI-04-094R1. 
  7. ^ a b c Alencar, Aline R.; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2004) (PDF). Description of two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus from southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). 744. pp. 1–8. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/zt00744.pdf. 
  8. ^ a b Lima, Sergio M. Q.; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2004). "Trichomycterus giganteus (Siluriformes: Loricarioidea: Trichomycteridae): a new catfish from the Rio Guandu basin, southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa 761: 1–6. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/zt00761.pdf. 
  9. ^ a b Fernández, Luis; Schaefer, Scott A. (2005). Armbruster, J. W.. ed. "New Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from an Offshore Island of Colombia". Copeia 2005 (1): 68–76. doi:10.1643/CI-04-177R1. 
  10. ^ a b Castellanos-Morales, Cesar A. (2008). "Trichomycterus uisae: a new species of hypogean catfish (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the northeastern Andean Cordillera of Colombia". Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (3): 307–314. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252008000300003. 
  11. ^ Ferraris, Carl J., Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). Zootaxa 1418: 1–628. http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf. 
  12. ^ Fernández, Luis; Vari, Richard P. (2002). Schaefer, S. A.. ed. "New Species of Trichomycterus from the Andes of Argentina with a Redescription of Trichomycterus alterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Copeia 2002 (3): 739–747. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0739:NSOTFT]2.0.CO;2. 
  13. ^ Fernández, Luis; Vari, Richard P. (2000). Schaefer, S. A.. ed. "New Species of Trichomycterus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Lacking a Pelvic Fin and Girdle from the Andes of Argentina". Copeia 2000 (4): 990–996. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0990:NSOTTS]2.0.CO;2. 
  14. ^ Wosiacki & de Pinna (2008). "A New Species of the Neotropical Catfish Genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) Representing a New Body Shape for the Family". Copeia 2008 (2): 273–278. doi:10.1643/CI-06-237. 
  15. ^ Wosiacki & de Pinna (2008). "Trichomycterus igobi, a new catfish species from the rio Iguaçu drainage: the largest head in Trichomycteridae (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (1): 17–23. 
  16. ^ a b Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin; Oyakawa, Osvaldo Takeshi (2005). "Two new species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Ribeira de Iguape Basin, Southeastern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology 3 (4): 465–472. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252005000400003. http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol3num4%5CNI_v3n4p465-472lowr.pdf. 
  17. ^ a b c d e Wosiacki, Wolmar Benjamin; Garavello, Júlio César (March 2004). "Five new species of Trichomycterus from the rio Iguaçu (rio Paraná Basin), southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 15 (1): 1–16. 
  18. ^ Fernández, Luis; Chuquihuamaní, Roberto Quispe (2007). "A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Andean Cordillera of Perú, with comments on relationships within the genus" (PDF). Zootaxa 1545: 49–57. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/z01545p057f.pdf. 
  19. ^ Barbosa, Maria Anaïs; Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (October 2003). "Trichomycterus potschi (Siluriformes: Loricarioidei): a new trichomycterid catfish from coastal streams of southeastern Brazil". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 14 (3): 281–287. 
  20. ^ Castellanos-Morales, Cesar A. (2007). "Trichomycterus santanderensis: A new species of troglomorphic catfish (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from Colombia" (PDF). Zootaxa 1541: 49–55. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/z01541p055f.pdf. 
  21. ^ Fernandez, L.; Miranda, G. (November 2007). "A catfish of the genus Trichomycterus from a thermal stream in southern South America (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with comments on relationships within the genus". Journal of Fish Biology 71 (5): 1303–1316. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01589.x. 
  22. ^ "New species of the catfish genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from the headwaters of the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa 592: 1–12. 2004. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/zt00592.pdf. 
  23. ^ Ferrer, Juliano; Malabarba, Luiz R. (2011). "A new Trichomycterus lacking pelvic fins and pelvic girdle with a very restricted range in Southern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)" (PDF Excerpt). Zootaxa 2912: 59–67. http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02912p067f.pdf. 
  24. ^ Fernández, Luis; Schaefer, Scott A. (December 2003). "Trichomycterus yuska, a new species from high elevations of Argentina (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters 14 (4): 353–360.