Triaenonychidae

Triaenonychidae
Fumontana deprehendor
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Arachnida
Order: Opiliones
Suborder: Laniatores
Superfamily: Triaenonychoidea
Family: Triaenonychidae
Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886
Subfamilies
  • Triaenonychinae
  • Kaolinonychinae
  • Nippononychinae
  • Paranonychinae
  • Sclerobuninae
  • Soerensenellinae
Diversity
c. 120 genera, > 440 species

The Triaenonychidae are a family of harvestmen with about 120 genera and more than 440 described species.

Contents

Description

Most Triaenonychidae are from three to five millimeters long, although some species from South Africa can be only 1 millimetre (0.039 in) long. Some species in the subfamily Adaeinae are almost 10 mm (0.39 in) long. Legs are almost always short, measuring 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in). The armed pedipalps are large, and much stronger than the legs.[1]

Distribution

Triaenonychidae are found in North and South America, Japan and Korea, Australia and New Zealand, and Madagascar.[1]

Relationships

The Triaenonychidae should probably split into at least two families. The genera from the Australian region are considered Triaenonychidae sensu stricto, and may include the strange Synthetonychiidae; the northern species should be grouped with Travuniidae.[1]

Name

The name of the type genus Triaenonyx is combined from Ancient Greek τρίαινα (triaina, "trident, fish spear") and ὄνυξ (onyx, "claw").[1]

Genera

The following genera are included in the family:[2]

Triaenonychinae Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886
  • Triaenonychini Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886
  • Adaeini Pocock, 1902
  • Triaenobunini Pocock, 1902
  • Pyenganella Hickman, 1958
  • Tasmanonuncia Hickman, 1958
  • Thelbunus Hickman, 1958
  • Triaenobunus Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886
  • Dingupa Forster, 1952
  • Algidia Hogg, 1920
  • Allobunus Hickman, 1958
  • Americobunus Muñoz-Cuevas, 1972
  • Araucanobunus Muñoz-Cuevas, 1973
  • Cenefia Roewer, 1931
  • Chilobunus Hickman, 1958
  • Chrestobunus Roewer, 1914
  • Dipristes Roewer, 1931
  • Eubunus Hickman, 1958
  • Glyptobunus Roewer, 1914
  • Mestonia Hickman, 1958
  • Miobunus Roewer, 1915
  • Muscicola Forster, 1954
  • Phanerobunus Roewer, 1915
  • Phoxobunus Hickman, 1958
  • Pristobunus Roewer, 1931
Kaolinonychinae Suzuki, 1975
  • Kaolinonychus Suzuki, 1975
  • Mutsunonychus Suzuki, 1976
Nippononychinae Suzuki, 1975
  • Nippononychus Suzuki, 1975
  • Metanippononychus Suzuki, 1975
  • Izunonychus Suzuki, 1975
Paranonychinae Briggs, 1971
  • Kainonychus Suzuki, 1975
  • Metanonychus Briggs, 1971
  • Paranonychus Briggs, 1971
Sclerobuninae Dumitrescu, 1976
  • Cyptobunus Banks, 1905
  • Sclerobunus Banks, 1893
  • Zuma Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942
Soerensenellinae Forster, 1954
  • Karamea Forster, 1954
  • Soerensenella Pocock, 1903

References

  1. ^ a b c d Adriano B. Kury (2007). "Triaenonychidae Sørensen, 1886". In Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha, Glauco Machado & Gonzalo Giribet. Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press. pp. 239–246. ISBN 0-674-02343-9 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=pbdpSKHkKDIC&pg=PA239. 
  2. ^ Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Triaenonychidae