Carangidae

Carangidae is a family of fish which includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, and scads.

They are marine fish found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Most species are fast-swimming predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above reefs and in the open sea; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates.

The largest fish in the family, the Greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, grows up to 2 m in length; most fish in the family reach a maximum length of 25–100 cm.

The family contains many important commercial and game fish, notably the Pacific jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, and the other jack mackerels in the genus Trachurus.

Many genera have fairly extensive fossil records, particularly Caranx and Seriola, which extend into the early Paleogene (late Thanetian), and are known from whole and incomplete specimens, skeletal fragments, and otoliths. There are several extinct genera, including Archaeus, Pseudovomer, and Eastmanalepes.

Species

There are about 151 extant species in thirty genera:

• Genus Alectis
  • African threadfish, Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817).
  • African pompano, Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787).
  • Indian threadfish, Alectis indicus (Ruppell, 1830).
• Genus Alepes
  • Smallmouth scad, Alepes apercna Grant, 1987.
  • Shrimp scad, Alepes djedaba (Forsskål, 1775).
  • Razorbelly scad, Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793).
  • Blackfin scad, Alepes melanoptera Swainson, 1839.
  • Herring scad, Alepes vari (Cuvier, 1833).
• Genus Atropus
  • Cleftbelly trevally, Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
• Genus Atule
  • Yellowtail scad, Atule mate (Cuvier, 1833).
• Genus Campogramma
  • Vadigo, Campogramma glaycos (Lacépède, 1801).
• Genus Carangoides
  • Longfin trevally, Carangoides armatus (Rüppell, 1830).
  • Orangespotted trevally, Carangoides bajad (Forsskål, 1775).
  • Yellow jack, Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier, 1833).
  • Longnose trevally, Carangoides chrysophrys (Cuvier, 1833).
  • Carangoides ciliarius (Rüppell, 1830).
  • Coastal trevally, Carangoides coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830).
  • Shadow trevally, Carangoides dinema Bleeker, 1851.
  • Whitefin trevally, Carangoides equula (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).
  • Blue trevally, Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål, 1775).
  • Yellowspotted trevally, Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775).
  • Bludger, Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier, 1833).
  • Bumpnose trevally, Carangoides hedlandensis (Whitley, 1934).
  • Duskyshoulder trevally, Carangoides humerosus (McCulloch, 1915).
  • Malabar trevally, Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
  • Coachwhip trevally, Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier, 1833).
  • Island trevally, Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882).
  • Threadfin jack, Carangoides otrynter (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883).
  • Barcheek trevally, Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker, 1857.
  • Brownback trevally, Carangoides praeustus (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830).
  • Bar jack, Carangoides ruber (Bloch, 1793).
  • Imposter trevally, Carangoides talamparoides Bleeker, 1852.
• Genus Caranx
  • Bluespotted trevally, Caranx bucculentus Alleyne & Macleay, 1877.
  • Green jack, Caranx caballus Günther, 1868.
  • Pacific crevalle jack, Caranx caninus Günther, 1867.
  • Blue runner, Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815).
  • Longfin crevalle jack, Caranx fischeri Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter, 2006.
  • Blacktip trevally, Caranx heberi (Bennett, 1830).
  • Crevalle jack, Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766).
  • Giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål, 1775).
  • Horse-eye jack, Caranx latus Agassiz, 1831.
  • Black jack, Caranx lugubris Poey, 1860.
  • Bluefin trevally, Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833.
  • Brassy trevally, Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay, 1877.
  • False scad, Caranx rhonchus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817.
  • Caranx sansun (Forsskål, 1775).
  • Senegal jack, Caranx senegallus Cuvier, 1833.
  • Bigeye trevally, Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825.
  • Tille trevally, Caranx tille Cuvier, 1833.
  • Cocinero, Caranx vinctus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
• Genus Chloroscombrus
  • Atlantic bumper, Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766).
  • Pacific bumper, Chloroscombrus orqueta Jordan & Gilbert, 1883.
• Genus Decapterus
  • Decapterus akaadsi Abe, 1958.
  • Koheru, Decapterus koheru (Hector, 1875).
  • Redtail scad, Decapterus kurroides Bleeker, 1855.
  • Decapterus lajang Bleeker, 1855.
  • Mackerel scad, Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833).
  • Shortfin scad, Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851.
  • Japanese scad, Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843).
  • Amberstripe scad, Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).
  • Round scad, Decapterus punctatus (Cuvier, 1829).
  • Indian scad, Decapterus russelli (Rüppell, 1830).
  • Mexican scad, Decapterus scombrinus (Valenciennes, 1846).
  • Roughear scad, Decapterus tabl Berry, 1968.
• Genus Elagatis
  • Rainbow runner, Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).
• Genus Gnathanodon
  • Golden trevally, Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775).
• Genus Hemicaranx
  • Bluntnose jack, Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (Cuvier, 1833).
  • Bicolor jack, Hemicaranx bicolor (Günther, 1860).
  • Yellowfin jack, Hemicaranx leucurus (Günther, 1864).
  • Blackfin jack, Hemicaranx zelotes Gilbert, 1898.
• Genus Lichia
  • Leerfish, Lichia amia (Linnaeus, 1758).
• Genus Megalaspis
  • Torpedo scad, Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758).
• Genus Naucrates
  • Pilot fish, Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758).
• Genus Oligoplites
  • Longjaw leatherjack, Oligoplites altus (Günther, 1868).
  • Oligoplites calcar (Bloch, 1793).
  • Maracaibo leatherjacket, Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier, 1832).
  • Shortjaw leatherjack, Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert & Starks, 1904.
  • Castin leatherjacket, Oligoplites saliens (Bloch, 1793).
  • Leatherjack, Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
• Genus Pantolabus
  • Fringe-finned trevally, Pantolabus radiatus (Macleay, 1881).
• Genus Parastromateus
  • Black pomfret, Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795).
• Genus Parona
  • Parona leatherjacket, Parona signata (Jenyns, 1841).
• Genus Pseudocaranx
  • Juan Fernandez trevally, Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot, 1848).
  • White trevally, Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
  • Pseudocaranx dinjerra Smith-Vaniz & Jelks, 2006.^[1]
  • Skipjack trevally, Pseudocaranx wrighti (Whitley, 1931).
• Genus Scomberoides
  • Talang queenfish, Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacépède, 1801.
  • Doublespotted queenfish, Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål, 1775).
  • Barred queenfish, Scomberoides tala (Cuvier, 1832).
  • Needlescaled queenfish, Scomberoides tol (Cuvier, 1832).
• Genus Selar
  • Oxeye scad, Selar boops (Cuvier, 1833).
  • Bigeye scad, Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793).
• Genus Selaroides
  • Yellowstripe scad, Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833).

• Genus Selene
  • Mexican lookdown, Selene brevoortii (Gill, 1863).
  • Caribbean moonfish, Selene brownii (Cuvier, 1816).
  • African moonfish, Selene dorsalis (Gill, 1863).
  • Mexican moonfish, Selene orstedii Lütken, 1880.
  • Pacific moonfish, Selene peruviana (Guichenot, 1866).
  • Atlantic moonfish, Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, 1815).
  • Selene spixi (Castelnau, 1855).
  • Lookdown, Selene vomer (Linnaeus, 1758).
• Genus Seriola
  • Guinean amberjack, Seriola carpenteri Mather, 1971.
  • Greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810).
  • Lesser amberjack, Seriola fasciata (Rüppell, 1830).
  • Samson fish, Seriola hippos (Linnaeus, 1766).
  • Yellowtail amberjack, Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833.
  • Fortune jack, Seriola peruana Steindachner, 1881.
  • Japanese amberjack, Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel, 1845.
  • Almaco jack, Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes, 1833.
  • Banded rudderfish, Seriola zonata (Mitchill, 1815).
    • Note: amberjacks are also referred to as amberfish and coronados
• Genus Seriolina
  • Blackbanded trevally, Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell, 1829).
• Genus Trachinotus
  • Southern pompano, Trachinotus africanus (Delsman, 1941).
  • Oyster pompano, Trachinotus anak Ogilby, 1909.
  • Smallspotted dart, Trachinotus baillonii (Lacépède, 1801).
  • Snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacépède, 1801).
  • Largespotted dart, Trachinotus botla (Shaw, 1803).
  • Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766).
  • Cayenne pompano, Trachinotus cayennensis Cuvier, 1832.
  • Swallowtail dart, Trachinotus coppingeri Günther, 1884.
  • Permit, Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758).
  • Palometa, Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann, 1896.
  • Longfin pompano, Trachinotus goreensis (Cuvier, 1833).
  • Blackblotch pompano, Trachinotus kennedyi Steindachner, 1876.
  • Plata pompano, Trachinotus marginatus (Gill, 1863).
  • Guinean pompano, Trachinotus maxillosus Cuvier, 1832.
  • Indian pompano, Trachinotus mookalee Cuvier, 1832.
  • Derbio, Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758).
  • Paloma pompano, Trachinotus paitensis Cuvier, 1832.
  • Gafftopsail pompano, Trachinotus rhodopus (Gill, 1863).
  • Steel pompano, Trachinotus stilbe (Jordan & McGregor, 1899).
  • Shortfin pompano, Trachinotus teraia Cuvier, 1832.
• Genus Trachurus
  • Trachurus aleevi Rytov & Razumovskaya, 1984.
  • Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus capensis Castelnau, 1861.
  • Greenback horse mackerel, Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841).
  • African scad, Trachurus delagoa Nekrasov, 1970.
  • Arabian scad, Trachurus indicus (Cuvier, 1833).
  • Japanese jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).
  • Rough scad, Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920.
  • Crozet scad, Trachurus longimanus (Norman, 1935).
  • Mediterranean horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus Steindachner, 1868.
  • Inca scad, Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920.
  • Yellowtail horse mackerel, Trachurus novaezelandiae Richardson, 1843.
  • Blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825).
  • Pacific jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855).
  • Atlantic horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758).
  • Cunene horse mackerel, Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950.
• Genus Ulua
  • Silvermouth trevally, Ulua aurochs (Ogilby, 1915).
  • Longrakered trevally, Ulua mentalis (Cuvier, 1833).
• Genus Uraspis
  • Whitemouth jack, Uraspis helvola (Forster, 1801).
  • Cottonmouth jack, Uraspis secunda (Poey, 1860).
  • Whitetongue jack, Uraspis uraspis (Günther, 1860).

Timeline of genera

References

• Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Carangidae" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
• "Carangidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=168584. Retrieved 20 March 2006. 

1. ^ Smith-Vaniz & Jelks (2006). "Australian trevallies of the genus Pseudocaranx (Teleostei: Carangidae), with description of a new species from Western Australia.". Memoirs of Museum Victoria 63 (1): 97–106. Archived from the original on 2007-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20070616073506/http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/memoirs/docs/63_1-Vaniz_Jelks.pdf. 

• Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: p.560. http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class. Retrieved 2011-05-19.