Ernst Rudolf von Trautvetter (1809, Jelgava - 1889, St. Petersburg), was a Baltic German botanist, specialising in the flora of the Caucasus and central Asia.
He was the son of Friedrich Wilhelm Trautvetter, Royal Saxon privy and agent at St. Petersburg, who in 1825 at Dresden received the German nobility title (von) from the Saxon court.
He is honoured in the name of the maplestory Acer trautvetteri (Trautvetter's Maple), native to the Caucasus, and the genus Trautvetteria.
The standard botanical author abbreviation Trautv. is applied to plants he described.