Toxodontidae

Toxodontidae
Temporal range: Late Oligocene–late Pleistocene
Toxodon platensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Notoungulata
Suborder: †Toxodonta
Family: †Toxodontidae
Owen, 1845
Subfamilies and Genera

†Haplodontheriinae

  • †Abothrodon
  • †Haplodontherium
  • †Mesotoxodon
  • †Mixotoxodon
  • †Ocnerotherium
  • †Pachynodon
  • †Paratrigodon
  • †Prototrigodon
  • †Toxodontherium
  • †Trigodon
  • †Trigodonops

†Nesodontinae

†Toxodontinae

  • †Andinotoxodon
  • †Ceratoxodon
  • †Chapalmalodon
  • †Dinotoxodon
  • †Eutomodus
  • †Gyrinodon
  • †Hemixotodon
  • †Hyperotoxodon
  • †Mesenodon
  • †Minitoxodon
  • †Neoadinotherium
  • †Neotoxodon
  • †Nesodonopsis
  • †Nonotherium
  • †Pericotoxodon
  • †Pisanodon
  • †Plesiotoxodon
  • †Stenotephanos
  • †Stereotoxodon
  • †Toxodon
  • †Xotodon
Range of Toxodontidae based on fossil record

Toxodontidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Oligocene through the Pleistocene of South America, with one genus, Mixotoxodon, also known from the Pleistocene of Central America. They somewhat resembled rhinoceroses, and had teeth with high crowns and open roots, suggesting that they often fed on tough pampas grass.[1] However, isotopic analyses have led to the conclusion that the most recent forms were grazing and browsing generalists.[2]

References

  1. ^ Palmer, D., ed (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 253. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. 
  2. ^ MacFadden, Bruce J. (September 2005). "Diet and habitat of toxodont megaherbivores (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the late Quaternary of South and Central America". Quaternary Research (Elsevier) 64 (2): 113–124. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2005.05.003.