Touch football (rugby league)

Touch is a field sport also known as Touch Football, or in some countries as Touch Rugby.^[1] Touch is overseen worldwide by the Federation of International Touch (FIT). Touch has traditionally been played in Australia and New Zealand but the sport has expanded internationally and features many regional and global competitions. There have been seven Touch World Cups, the latest in Scotland in June 2011.

Touch has a history in rugby league and in rugby union, with the tackling of opposing players replaced by a touch. Touch is therefore not a contact sport but a limited-contact sport. The basic rules of Touch were established in the 1960s.^[2]

Distinctive features of Touch include the ease of learning, minimal equipment requirements and the ability to play it without fear of major injury. While it is generally played with two teams of six on-field players, some social competitions allow different number of players per team on the field. It is played by both sexes, and in age divisions from primary school children to over-50s. The mixed version of the game (where both male and female players are on the field at the same time) is particularly popular with social players, and it is widely played in schools.

Contents 1 History 2 Glossary of Touch terms 2.1 How to Play 2.2 Positions 3 Rules 3.1 Possession 3.2 Defending 3.3 Scoring 3.4 The Half 3.5 The Tap 3.6 The Penalty 3.7 Subsitutions 3.8 Equipment 3.9 Composition of the teams and replacements 3.10 Mode of play and duration 4 Touch Rugby IRB 5 International Competitions 5.1 European Championships 5.2 World Cup 5.3 Trans-Tasman Tests 5.4 Masters Games 5.5 World All Schools 6 Touch worldwide 6.1 Australia 6.2 England 6.3 New Zealand 6.4 Scotland 6.5 South Africa 6.6 Switzerland 6.7 United States 6.8 Austria 6.9 France 6.10 Italy 7 See also 8 References 9 External links 9.1 Africa 9.2 Asia 9.3 Europe 9.3.1 UK 9.4 Oceania 9.4.1 Australia 9.4.2 New Zealand

History

Touch started in Australia in 1923 as a social or "park" game and as a training technique for rugby league. It was not then viewed as a sport in its own right. It was formalised into a sport proper by the "Founders of Touch", Bob Dyke and Ray Vawdon of the South Sydney Junior Rugby League Club. On 13 July 1968 the "South Sydney Touch Football Club" was formed and the sport of Touch Football was born. The first official game of Touch was played in late 1968 and the first official competition, organised by Dyke & Vawdon, was held at Snape Park, Sydney in 1969. From these humble beginnings the game quickly became a fully regulated and codified sport. It was first played in Brisbane in 1972 and by 1973 there were representative games.^[3] It had spread to New Zealand by 1975.^[4][5]

The establishment of the first national body, the Australian Touch Football Association came in 1976. A highlight came after the drawn Sydney Rugby League Grand Final of 1977 when the rematch needed a curtain-raiser and rugby league officials asked the newly formed ATFA to provide the prelude game. With a crowd of 40,000+ this game helped to raise the profile of Touch in Australia and was nothing short of spectacular according to Bob Dyke in the book "The Story of Touch". Another profile raiser came in 1978 when the Sydney Metropolitan Touch Football side played the touring Great Britain national rugby league team in a high-scoring match, with the local team winning with a disputed touchdown on the siren. As more people began to play Touch more organised competitions developed.

The game has also expanded rapidly in recent years, especially in the South Pacific and United Kingdom. Touch World Cups now attract over 40 nations including Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Japan, Lebanon, USA, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, England, France, Italy, Cook Islands, Fiji, Ireland, Malaysia, Kenya, Singapore, Tonga, Solomon Islands, Scotland, Wales, China, Chile, South Korea and the Channel Islands (Guernsey) and (Jersey).

Glossary of Touch terms

Touch shares many terms in common with rugby league (e.g. onside, offside, intercept). Below are some Touch-specific terms. The list is not meant to be comprehensive, and there are some regional variations.

• Acting Half, or just Half: the player who receives the ball following the rollball
• Dump or Quickie: a quick rollball to further attacking opportunities from the ensuing play. At levels above beginners these constitute all touches/roll balls.
• Fade or Drag: an angled run forwards and towards the wing/sideline in an attempt to drag the defenders sideways and potentially open up gaps on the open side.
• Link: The position on the field between the middles and the wings (the second player from the sideline).
• Middle: The position on the field in the middle of the players (the third player from either side line).
• Open Side: the side of the ball carrier with the most number of players.
• Phantom: a defensive player claiming a touch when no touch had in fact been made. Frowned upon by the vast majority of players. A "yes/no" call is also regarded as a phantom. If spotted a phantom call results in a penalty, forced sub or sin bin.
• Re-Align: when an attacker moves back into an onside position (behind the ball) after passing or making a touch.
• Rollball: must be performed once a player in possession is touched by the opposition or after a turnover. The rollball is performed by placing the ball on the mark, and either rolling the ball backwards, or stepping forward over it. The ball is picked up by another player on the attacking team (see acting-half). Above a beginner level, players usually never actually roll the ball along the ground.
• Ruck: any attacking move intended to promote the ball down the field rather than specifically result in a touchdown.
• Scoop or Scoot: an attacking move following the dump, whereby a player runs from the half position in an attempt to get past the defensive line.
• Short Side: the side to the ball carrier with the least number of players.
• Snap: to beat (i.e. run past) an opponent by changing direction suddenly.
• Squeeze: a type of zone defence used to force attacking players to move the ball to the wings to gain and/or take advantage of an overlap (by which time the defence should have had time to re-position itself).
• Switch or Cut: an attacking move where the ball player passes to a receiver in the direction that the receiver has come from, as they run angled lines that cross over with the receiver running behind the ball carrier.
• Touch: the main defensive tactic in the game of Touch, similar to a tackle in some other codes of football. It forces the attacking team to stop and restart play (see rollball). A touch is performed by the defensive team on any part of the body or clothing of the current ball carrier for the attacking team, or the ball itself. At the moment of a touch, it is customary (but not mandatory) for the defensive player who is performing the touch to shout "Touch", which alerts both the attacking and defensive teams and the referees that the player has been touched.
• Wing: The position on the field at the side of the field (the player next to the sideline).
• Wrap: a variation on the switch move involving where the ball carrier passes after the receiver as run behind them to the side that the receiver is running to.

How to Play

The aim of touch is to score as many touchdowns as possible and prevent the opposition from scoring any. A touchdown is similar to a try in rugby league or union but the point system is different. Each score is worth one point and there are no other means of scoring. The winning team is the one with the most touchdowns at the end of the game.

Positions

• teams are generally split into three positions: two "wings" (the players on either edge of the field i.e. 'right wing' and 'left wing'); two "middles" (the central players); and two "links" (the players between the wings and middles, one on each side of the field)

Rules

These rules discuss the most common form of touch as governed by the Federation of International Touch but minor local variations are sometimes used. For the full set of rules see the F.I.T. Rulebook (pdf)

Note that the sport of Touch has a number of recognised variations including:

• Beach Touch, where the defence has one less player than the attack and as the name suggests, is played on beach.
• 1-Touch, where the attacking team is allowed 1 possession to score before handing the ball over.
• 2-Touch, same as above except the attacking team is allowed 2 touches.

Possession

A team normally retains possession for a set of six consecutive touches. Possession (or a Turnover) transfers to the opposing team:

• after the sixth touch
• after a touchdown;
• if the Half gets touched;
• from an intercept;
• from a ball-to-ground (the ball is knock forward by a player) or other failure to maintain possession;
• whenever the referee indicates a turnover.

Defending

• From the tap for the start of game, or from a penalty, the defending team must be at least 10 metres from point of the tap.
• After making a touch, the defending team must retreat the distance the referee marks, at least five metres from the mark where the touch occurred and stay there until the Half touches the ball. If a player does not retreat the entire distance the referee marked, or team must retreat at least 10 metres from the mark of the penalty. If a player makes an attempt to defend whilst still inside the 10 metres, they will be penalised.

Scoring

A touchdown is awarded when an attacking player, who is not the acting-half places the ball on or over the opposition's score line. Each touchdown is worth one point.

The Half

The Half (or Acting-Half) is subject to a number of restrictions that do not apply to other players:

• If the Half is touched with the ball, the attacking team loses possession.
• The Half cannot score a touchdown. Attempting to do so results in a change of possession.
• If the Half takes too long to retrieve the ball the referee can call play on and defenders are allowed to move forward before the Half has touched the ball.

The Tap

Play is started by a tap at the beginning of each half, following a touchdown and when a penalty is awarded.

• The tap is performed by an attacking player placing the ball on the ground, touching the ball with their foot, then picking it up and playing. NB: The ball must be released from the hands and come into contact with the ground or a change of possession occurs.
• The defensive team must stay at a minimum distance of 10 metres from the mark during the tap, unless they are positioned on their own scoreline.
• The defensive players can move after the ball carrier has touched the ball with his foot.
• The player who has performed the tap may be touched without losing possession.
• The attacking side must be positioned behind the ball when it is tapped.
• The attacking side may move the ball up to 10 metres directly behind the given mark when taking a penalty tap. In this case, the defending side must still remain 10-metres from the original mark, not the new mark.

The Penalty

A penalty is granted to the non-offending team if:

• the ball is passed forward.
• a "touch and pass" is committed (a pass after being touched). This is often called a "late pass"
• a player does not perform the rollball at the mark (overstepping).
• an obstruction is committed.
• a player is offside.
• a defending player does not retreat in a straight line to an onside position.
• a player acts contrary to the rules or spirit of the sport (e.g. time-wasting, using excessive force to make a touch, phantom touch (calling a touch when they clearly didn't make one), disputing decisions, etc.).

Subsitutions

• Substitutions can be made any number of times throughout the match. However, the game remains continuous and does not stop to allow substitutions.
• Players coming onto the field must wait until the player they are substituting with has come off the field. Failing to do so may result in a penalty for an incorrect substitution.
• Players in a team who are not on the field must remain inside their allocated substitution box until they come onto the field
• Players can only enter the field in an onside position.

Equipment

The field 

• Touch is played on a grass, rectangular field measuring 70 X 50 metres (i.e. one half of a rugby league field). As kicking is not allowed, goal posts are not required.

The ball 

• Touch balls are oval and slightly smaller than rugby league or union balls.

Clothing 

• Players typically wear light clothing such as T-shirts or polo shirts and shorts. All shirts must be numbered. Women generally wear lycra bike shorts, athletic briefs or swimsuit-style lycra bodysuits.

Footwear 

• Players normally wear soft rubber cleated shoes, similar to those used in other grass sports such as cricket and field hockey. Screw-in cleats are strictly prohibited, though moulded-sole football boots may be worn.

Referee  

• Touch must have at least one referee to rule the game but most major games feature one central referee and two sideline referees, who interchange roles repeatedly throughout the game.

Whistle  

• The referee must have a whistle to control the game. The Standard whistle in Australia is the Acme Thunderer 58.5.

Composition of the teams and replacements

• The teams can be male, female or mixed.
• Each team can consist of up to 14 players, of which 6 players can be on the field at any one time.
• Mixed teams typically comprise 3 females and 3 males on the field at one time.
• There is no limit to the number of substitutions a player or team can make.
• Substitutions may be made at any time provided the players are in the designated substitution box. Play is continuous and does not stop for substitutions.

Mode of play and duration

Mode of play

• The ball can be passed or knocked (but not kicked) sideways or backwards between team mates who attempt to evade opposition defenders and score touchdowns.

Duration 

• The standard duration is 40 minutes (two x 20 minute halves) with a 5 minute halftime, though other time frames are often used to suit local conditions and competitions.

Scores Tied at full-time 

In the event of a draw at fulltime (in a play-off or final), the teams enter a sudden death "drop-off" to find the winning team.

• A one-minute break occurs before the drop-off commences. Both teams reduce their on-field strength by one (1) player.
• Each team reduces the number of on-field players by one player every two minutes, until they are down to three (3).
• If a team scores from the tap off in sudden death, without the opposing team having had possession, the opposition have one set of six touches to score. If they don't score within those six touches, the game is won by the first team that scored.^[6]
• Alternatively, the drop-off will continue until each team is down to three players (in mixed competitions, teams are required to have at least one female still on the field).
• From this point, the game will continue until the next touchdown is scored and the winner is found.^[7]

Touch Rugby IRB

The International Rugby Board, world governing body of the rules of Rugby Union, published in November 2010 a draft of leisure rules of Touch Rugby IRB for developmental purposes. Those Laws were adapted from the FIT playing rules for the sport of Touch.

The document says literally: "Council agreed that these Leisure Rugby Laws are issued as a guide for developmental purposes and Unions are not bound to apply the Laws" and "IRB Leisure Rugby Laws have been designed so that Unions may develop non-Contact Rugby. These Laws have been produced so that there are some guidelines and principles in place for IRB Leisure Rugby. Unions having jurisdiction over their developmental processes, matches, competitions and festivals may need to vary these Laws as deemed appropriate. This allows domestic Rugby clubs to adapt to the FIT playing rules, provided domestic Touch Associations are in agreeance."

International Competitions

European Championships

The Federation of International Touch (FIT) conducts the European Touch Championships, affectionately known as "The Euro's", annually.

The 2010 Euro's in Bristol, UK attracted 54 teams and over 900 players to the event.

World Cup

The inaugural Touch Football World Cup was held on the Gold Coast, Australia in 1988. Since then, the event has been hosted in Auckland (New Zealand), Waikiki Beach (Hawaii), Sydney (Australia), Kamagaya (Japan), Stellenbosch (South Africa) and Edinburgh (Scotland).

Trans-Tasman Tests

There is a regular program of Test matches between Australia and New Zealand known as Trans-Tasman Tests. Tests are divided into separate events for each age category, being:

• Open (Unrestricted)
• Youth (Under 21)
• Senior (Over 30)

Masters Games

Touch is a very popular sport at the various Masters Games events.

World All Schools

The World All Schools event attracts hundreds of teams from schools around the world. It is held every 2 years. In 2006 the event was held in Singapore, prior to that it was held in Brisbane. The 2008 event (held in Brisbane after the event was cancelled in New Zealand) was by far the largest, hosting over 250 teams.

Touch worldwide

Australia

Touch is played in every Australian state, and is particularly popular in the rugby league and rugby union strongholds of Queensland, New South Wales and the ACT. There are currently over 250,000 registered Touch players, 500,000 schoolchildren, and up to 100,000 casual players playing the sport.^[8] The peak body is Touch Football Australia.

Australia's main domestic competition is the annual National Touch League (NTL). 13 permits representing all parts of Australia compete in open, under-20 and over-age (Masters) divisions in men's, women's and mixed. The permits have been designed to equalise competition between the traditionally strong Touch states of ACT, Queensland and NSW and the remainder of the country.

Touch has a State-of-Origin series every 2 years. The series is played between Touch strongholds Queensland and New South Wales.

School Sport Australia runs the National Championship Tournament and Exchange for Touch every year - the location moves from state to state. Most Australian States and Territories enter Boys and Girls teams in both the High School (15 and under) and Primary School (12 and under) divisions.

England

Touch in England has experience steady growth in recent years. Currently, there are over 20,000 Touch players in England.

At the 2011 Touch Football World Cup in Edinburgh, England finished 4th in the Open category & 2nd in the Senior category. The England Men's Over 30's side were the only European team to reach a grand final.

New Zealand

Touch in New Zealand is goverened by Touch NZ and is the largest participation sport in the country. From the ground roots to the elite program, Touch is widely accepted NZ as the sport of choice for a healthy and active lifestyle. This is illustrated with a total of 19 Provinces competing at Nationals, 119 affiliated 'modules' or competitions and over 317,000 New Zealanders playing the game.

This figure is made up of 57,000 under 17 year olds and 260,000 adults. The delivery of the sport is supported by: 750 qualified referees along with team coaches and managers and 119 competition organisers.

The NZ Touch National Championships are held each year in March and the National Touch Series is a televised mixed competition event. The annual New Zealand Secondary Schools Tournament attracts a large number of participants and continues to grow each year.

Scotland

Touch has been played in Scotland since 1991 in informal leagues in Edinburgh and Glasgow. The sport soon spread to Aberdeen with a well established league forming soon afterwards.

In 2005, the Scottish Touch Association (STA) was formally constituted as the governing body to help develop the sport. By 2007 the association had welcomed new participants from Dundee, Perth and Stirling to join existing leagues, held its first formal national championships, trained over 150 referees and won the tender to host the 2011 World Cup in Edinburgh.

South Africa

Touch in South Africa is overseen by the South African Touch Association, and is often known as 'Six Down'. South Africa has had national representation at the 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2007 Touch World Cups. There are already over 6,000 registered players in South Africa.

Switzerland

The Swiss Touch Association competed in 2006 and 2008 European Championships and 2007 World Cup. The STA also sends teams to contest regular events in other tournaments in Europe and won the Mainland Cup in Heidelberg in 2009 - coming 3rd in the Women's Open and 1st in the Mens Open competition. Clubs now exist in Geneva, Zurich and Basel.

United States

Though there are teams throughout the country, due to the relative novelty of the sport and the traveling distances, the national tournament is not as decisive as it is designed to be. There are big touch communities in Portland, OR, Phoenix, AZ, Houston, TX, San Diego, CA, West Palm Beach, FL, Boston, MA, Tigard, OR and Sandy, UT. The 2010 Men's National Championship was won by the Tumeke Arizona while the 2010 Mixed National Championship was won by the Galaxy San Diego. The 2010 Men's National MVP was Tainui Berryman.

Austria

The Österreichischer Touch Verband (Touch Austria Association) became an associate member of F.I.T (Federation International Touch) in October 2009 with 3 official member clubs (Touch Rugby Vienna, ACC Touch, Touch Voralberg). 2009 saw the establishment of the Austrian Touch League (ATL) plus the first ever national Touch teams (Mixed and Mens) that competed in the 2009 Mainland Cup. Touch Austria also sends teams to contest regular events in other tournaments in Europe.

France

Touch France is the national association in charge of the development of the Touch in France.

Italy

Touch Rugby Italia (TRI) is the official body recognised by FIT for the development of the Touch in Italy. Currently there are 14 teams affiliated to TRI. TRI send regularly national teams to International Events in Europe

See also

• Touch rugby
• Tag Rugby
• Rugby league
• League tag

References

External links

• Federation of International Touch Website
• FIT Playing Rules (Edition 3)

Africa

• South African Touch Association

Asia

• Asian Touch Federation
• Touch Rugby in China
• Indonesia Touch football
• Korea Touch Association
• Lebanon Touch Association
• Singapore Touch Football

Europe

• Touch Football Europe
• Touch Belgium
• Touch France
• German Touch (Touch Deutschland)
• Touch Rugby Italia
• Swiss Touch (Swiss Touch Association)
• Austrian Touch (Touch Rugby Austria)
• Ireland Touch Association

UK

• English Touch Association
• Guernsey Touch Association
• Scottish Touch Association
• Wales Touch Association
• UK Touch Leagues and Events
• Touch Scotland National Leagues

Oceania

• Touch Football Papua New Guinea

Australia

• Touch Football Australia
• Queensland Touch Association
• Touch Football South Australia
• Touch Victoria
• New South Wales Touch Association
• TouchWest (Western Australia)
• Touch Football ACT
• Touch Football NT
• Touch Football Tasmania

New Zealand

• TouchNZ
• Touch North Harbour
• Auckland Touch
• Touch Canterbury
• Touch Waikato
• Touch Southland

Interdependent team sports Sport Governing bodies Sportspeople National sport Basket sports Basketball (beach, deaf, FIBA 33, water, wheelchair) Cestoball Korfball Netball (fastnet, indoor, wheelchair) Slamball Football codes Association football (beach, futsal, indoor, paralympic, street) Australian rules football (lightning football, metro footy, nine-a-side, rec footy) Gaelic football (ladies') Powerchair football Gridiron codes American football (eight-man, flag, nine-man, six-man, sprint, touch) Canadian football Indoor football (arena) Hybrid codes Austus Circle rules football International rules football Kronum Samoa rules Universal football Volata Medieval football codes Ba game Caid Calcio fiorentino Camping Cnapan Cornish hurling Cuju Harpastum Kemari Ki-o-rahi La soule Lelo burti Marn grook Mob football Royal Shrovetide Uppies and downies Yubi lakpi Rugby codes Beach Rugby league (masters, mini, mod, nines, sevens, tag, touch, wheelchair) Rugby union (American flag, mini, sevens, snow, tag, touch, tens) Handball sports Czech Goalball Handball (beach) Field Frisian handball Torball Safe haven sports Baseball (Extreme) Brännboll British baseball Cricket (indoor, limited overs, ODI, test, Twenty20) Danish longball Kickball Lapta Oină Over-the-line Pesäpallo Rounders Softball Stoolball Town ball Vigoro Stick and ball sports Cammag Composite rules shinty-hurling Hurling (camogie) Lacrosse (box/indoor, field, intercrosse, women's) Polocrosse Shinty Hockey sports Ball hockey Bandy (rink) Broomball (Moscow) Field hockey (indoor) Floor hockey Floorball Ice hockey (power) Inline hockey Ringette Roller hockey Rossall hockey Skater hockey Sledge hockey Street hockey Underwater hockey Underwater ice hockey Unicycle hockey Polo sports Canoe polo Cowboy polo Cycle polo Elephant polo Horseball Pato Polo Segway polo Yak polo Ball over a net sports Biribol Bossaball Fistball Football tennis Footvolley Jianzi Footbag net Peteca Sepak takraw Throwball Volleyball (beach, paralympic) Ball badminton Other sports Airsoft Basque pelota (frontenis, jai alai, xare) Buzkashi Curling Cycle ball Dodgeball Gateball Kabaddi Kho kho Lagori Paintball Pétanque Rollball Roller derby Tchoukball Ulama Ultimate Underwater rugby Water polo (inner tube) Wheelchair rugby Underwater football Whirlyball