| Tornoceratoidea Temporal range: 391.9–360.7 Ma |
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|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Subclass: | †Ammonoidea |
| Order: | †Goniatitida |
| Suborder: | †Tornoceratina |
| Superfamily: | †Tornoceratoidea Arthaber 1911 |
| Families | |
Tornoceratoidea, formerly Tornocerataceae, is a superfamily of goniatitid ammonoids included in the suborder Tornoceratina.[1]. Tornoceratoidea is essentially the Cheilocerataceae of Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf (1964) in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, revised to accommodate new taxa and a new perspective on the phylogeny.
Tornoceratoidea includes five families, Tornoceratidae, Parodoceratidae, Posttornoceratidae, Pseudoclymediidae, and Kirsoceratidae, some of which have been recently established.
Tornoceratidae which is essentially the Tornoceratidae taxa placed within the Cheiloceratacea in the Treatise, vol L[2], split as a result of new studies and discoveries into three subfamilies, the Tornnoceratinae, Aulatornoceratinae and Falcitornoceratinae. Tornoceratinae are the oldest and include such genera as Tornoceras, Lobotornoceras and Simicheiloceras among others. Derived from the Tornoceratinae are the Aulatornoceratinae, based on Aulatornoceras, and Falcitornoceratinae, based on Falcitornoceras
Parodoceratidae, proposed by Petter in 1959 is based on the genus Parodoceras, which along with Wedekindella, was placed originally in the Anarcestidae.[3] Parodiceras was described by Wedekind in 1913, Wededkindella by Schindewolf in 1928. The other two, Croyites and Trevoneites were added, respectively by Korn in 2001 and by Becker and House in 1994.
Posttornoceratidae is a small family of tornocerins, split into two subfamilies the Posttornoceratinae and Discoclymeniinae, based on Posttornoceras and Discoclymenia. The family was originally included in the Tornoceratidae by Miller et al.
Pseudoclymeniidae is a family of tornocerids containing a single genus, Pseudoclymenia, named by Frech in 1897 and split off from the Tornoceratidae of Miller et al. by Becker in 1993. Both the genus, and family were assigned to the Tornoceratoidea by Korn in 2006. Pseudoclymenia is like Tornoceras except that it characteristically has a narrower shell with a wide umbilicus [4]
Kirsoceratidae, named by Korn in 2002 and assigned to the Tornoceratoidea in 2006, is based on Kirsoceras described by Bogoslovsky in 1971. The family contains four genera Kirsoceras, Pernoceras, Proternoceras, and Tornia. Kirsoceras is derived from Aulatornoceras (Aulatornoceratinae) through Polonoceras.[5] Polonoceras also gave rise to Pernoceras. Tornia on the othe hand is derived from Proternoceras which is derived from Tornoceras.[6]