| Tongzhou District 通州区 |
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|---|---|
| — District — | |
| Baliqiao | |
| Tongzhou District in Beijing | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Country | China |
| Municipality | Beijing |
| Area | |
| • Total | 906 km2 (349.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Total | 1,184,000 |
| • Density | 1,306.8/km2 (3,384.7/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Area code(s) | 010 |
| Website | http://www.bjtzh.gov.cn/ |
Tongzhou District (simplified Chinese: 通州区; traditional Chinese: 通州區; pinyin: Tōngzhōu Qū; Wade–Giles: T'ung1chou1 Ch'ü1, alternate spelling Tungchow) is a district of Beijing, the capital of People's Republic of China. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the Chinese capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies twelve miles from central Beijing, at the northern end of the Grand Canal (on the junction between the Tonghui Canal and the Northern Canal) and at the easternmost end of Chang'an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906 square kilometers, or 6% of Beijing's total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census, and has seen significant growth and development since then. It had a population of 1.184,000 at the 2010 Census. The district is subdivided into 4 subdistricts of the city of Tongzhou, 10 towns, and 1 ethnic rural township.
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Tongzhou was founded in 195 BC during the Western Han Dynasty under the name of Lu (路) County, although there is evidence for human settlement in the Neolithic. At the start of the Eastern Han Dynasty the character Lu by which it was known was altered by the addition of a water radical to become Lu (潞). In 1151 under the Jin Dynasty Lu County was renamed Tongzhou, roughly meaning 'the place for passing through', in recognition of its importance as the land and water approach to Beijing.
In July 1937, subsequent to the galvanising Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Tongzhou became another site of determined Chinese resistance. In the Tongzhou Mutiny troops of the nominally Japanese-puppet East Hopei Army rebelled and came to the aid of hard-pressed Guomindang troops, and attacked the Japanese garrison. In the fall of Tongzhou to the Nationalists, many civilians were murdered and abused as well as captured Japanese military personnel.
The place-name changed to Tongxian (simplified Chinese: 通县; traditional Chinese: 通縣, Tong County) when the area was placed under the new municipal region of Beijing. It reverted again to Tongzhou when the area was upgraded in 1997 to a district.
Tongzhou District borders the Beijing districts of Shunyi, Chaoyang and Daxing, the directly administered municipality of Tianjin and part of Hebei province, and is 12 miles from Tiananmen Square and 10 miles from Beijing Capital International Airport.
Tongzhou is situated on the Beijing plain with an average altitude of 20 metres. Its climate belongs to the mild temperate zone, with distinct seasons including hot summers and freezing winters. Dust storms are common. It has a year-round average temperature of 11.3°C and 620mm of rainfall. Several large rivers, amongst them the Wenyu, the Liangshui and Chaobai flow through the district.
Downtown Tongzhou is connected to downtown Beijing by Jingtong Expressway and Line Batong, Beijing Subway. Beijing's Fifth and Sixth Ring Road are roughly equidistant from Tongzhou's CBD. Highways lead to Shenyang, Harbin and Tianjin/Tanggu. A seventh ring road, a sixth subway line, a Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and a Beijing-Tianjin shuttle are under construction.
There are seven industrial zones with a total area of 64 square kilometers in Tongzhou, focusing on modern manufacturing and high-tech industries. Downtown Tongzhou is earmarked for redevelopment into a comprehensive central business district with an emphasis on consumer retail. In agriculture, the district places emphasis on horticulture, fruit-farming, seed-growing and aquatics. The district government is currently promoting Tongzhou's position at the head of the Grand Canal to attract tourists to its Grand Canal Cultural Park.
The Songzhuang artists' village, where many Chinese contemporary artists live and work, is located in the Tongzhou District.[1] [2]
Tongzhou has good education facilities including 113 kindergartens, 141 primary schools, 51 high schools and many adult education colleges. It also boasts the Beijing Materials Institute, Beijing University of Technology and the Beijing Institute of Music. Its hospitals include a specialist tuberculosis treatment centre and a hospital specializing in traditional Chinese medicine.
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