Tongue and groove

A strong joint, the tongue and groove joint is widely used for re-entrant angles. The effect of wood shrinkage is concealed when the joint is beaded or otherwise moulded.^[1] In expensive cabinet work, glued dovetail and multiple tongue and groove are used.

Tongue and groove or T&G is a method of fitting similar objects together, edge to edge, used mainly with wood: flooring, parquetry, panelling, and similar constructions. Tongue and groove joints allow two flat pieces to be joined strongly together to make a single flat surface. Before plywood became common, tongue and groove boards were also used for sheathing buildings and to construct concrete formwork.

Each piece has a slot (the groove) cut all along one edge, and a thin, deep ridge (the tongue) on the opposite edge. The tongue projects a little less than the groove is deep. Two or more pieces thus fit together closely. The joint is not normally glued, as shrinkage would then pull the tongue off.

In another assembly method, the pieces are end-matched. This method eliminates the need for mitre joints, face nailing, and the use of joints on 16-inch or 24-inch centres of conventional framing.

For many uses, tongue and groove boards have been rendered obsolete by the introduction of plywood and later composite wood boards, but the method is still used in higher-quality flooring. Plywood may also be tongued all round to fit it flush into a framed structure, and plywood for sub-floors used in platform framing is often supplied with tongue and groove edges.

When joining thicker materials, several tongue and groove joints may be used one above the other.

Contents 1 Methods 2 Tongue-in-groove 3 See also 4 References

Methods

One of the following woodworking tools may be used to produce the tongue and groove:

• A four- or six-head moulder (for large quantities)
• A spindle moulder (wood shaper)
• A circular saw bench
• Suitable hand planes: a plough plane for the groove and a tongue plane for the tongue, or a combination plane
• A spindle router

Tongue-in-groove

Tongue-in-groove is similar to tongue and groove, but instead of the tongue forming part of one of the edges, it is a separate, loose piece that fits between two identically grooved edges. The tongue may or may not be of the same material as the grooved pieces joined by the tongue. For example, plywood flooring is commonly grooved at the edges, and plastic tongues are used to form the joint.

See also

Cabinet making Carpentry Fluting (architecture) Gland (engineering) Groove (joinery)

Nipple (disambiguation) Parquetry Slot

Tongue (disambiguation) Wood router Woodworking Woodworking joints

References

Woodworking Introduction Glossary of woodworking Wood Wood as a medium History of wood carving Forms Bush carpentry Cabinet making Caning Carpentry Chainsaw carving Chip carving Ébéniste Fretwork Intarsia Marquetry Parquetry Wood burning Relief carving Root carving Segmented turning Spindle turning Wood carving Woodturning Whittling List of woods Softwood Cedar Pine Spruce Hardwood Aspen Birch Cherry Elm Hazel Mahogany Maple Oak Teak Tools Saws Coping saw Fretsaw Jigsaw Miter saw Veneer saw Other Abrasives Chisel Drawknife Drill Mallet Mitre box Plane Rasp Sandpaper Vise Workbench Geometry Joints Birdsmouth Bridle Butt Crown of Thorns Dados Dovetail Finger Groove Hammer-headed tenon Lap Mason's mitre Miter Mortise and tenon Scarf Splice Tongue and groove Other Bevels Chamfers Ogee Ogive Treatments Paint Heat bending Steam bending Varnish Wood drying Wood preservation Wood stain Woodworkers André Jacob Roubo Anton Seuffert Giuseppe Maggiolini Heinouchi Yoshimasa John Boson Lucian Ercolani Marko Penov Peter McLean Robert Ellin Stephen College Organizations American Association of Woodturners Architectural Woodwork Institute Building and Wood Workers' International Caricature Carvers of America International Federation of Building and Wood Workers National Wood Carvers Association Society of Wood Engravers Category: Woodworking