Tongliao

Tongliao

通辽
—  Prefecture-level city  —
通辽市
Tongliao City(red) in Inner Mongolia (orange) and China
Tongliao
Location in Inner Mongolia
Coordinates:
Country People's Republic of China
Region Inner Mongolia
Elevation 179 m (587 ft)
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Website http://www.tongliao.gov.cn/

Tongliao (simplified Chinese: 通辽; traditional Chinese: 通遼; pinyin: Tōngliáo Mongolian: , Töngliyao) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It borders Jilin province to the east, Liaoning to the south, Chifeng to the southwest, the Xilin Gol League to the west, and the Hinggan League to the north. The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jurim League. The area is 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi) and population is 3,028,419 (as of 31 November 2001); the city proper has 411,625 inhabitants (2001). Tongliao Power Station is located here. Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities and Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry are among the educational institutions of Tongliao. Not far from Tongliao are silica sands.

The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city is Bayisingtu ('having buildings'), while the original name of the province is Jirim. The Mongolian dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin.

Contents

Subdivisions

Map
# Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2004 est.)
Area (km²) Density
(/km²)
1 Horqin District 科尔沁区 Kē'ěrqìn Qū 810,000 3,212 252
2 Holingol City 霍林郭勒市 Huòlínguōlè Shì 70,000 585 120
3 Kailu County 开鲁县 Kāilǔ Xiàn 390,000 4,488 87
4 Hure Banner 库伦旗 Kùlún Qí 180,000 4,650 39
5 Naiman Banner 奈曼旗 Nàimàn Qí 430,000 8,120 53
6 Jarud Banner 扎鲁特旗 Zālǔtè Qí 300,000 17,193 17
7 Horqin Left Middle Banner 科尔沁左翼中旗 Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì
Zhōng Qí
530,000 9,811 54
8 Horqin Left Back Banner 科尔沁左翼后旗 Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì
Hòu Qí
400,000 11,476 35

Demographics

Ethnic groups in Tongliao, 2000 census.

Ethnicity Population Percentage
Han Chinese 1.548.721 51,14%
Mongol 1.373.470 45,35%
Manchu 88.654 2,93%
Hui Chinese 12.447 0,41%
Korean 2.709 0,09%
Xibe 781 0,03%
Daur 492 0,02%

Geography and climate

Tongliao has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, continental steppe climate (Koppen BSk), with long, cold, windy, but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly mean temperatures range from −13.5 °C (7.7 °F) in January to 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F). Much of the year's rainfall occurs from June to August, and even then dry and sunny weather dominates in the city.

Climate data for Tongliao (1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) −6.8
(19.8)
−2.4
(27.7)
5.6
(42.1)
15.8
(60.4)
22.9
(73.2)
27.4
(81.3)
29.3
(84.7)
28.1
(82.6)
22.9
(73.2)
14.5
(58.1)
3.6
(38.5)
−4.6
(23.7)
13.03
(55.45)
Average low °C (°F) −18.8
(−1.8)
−15.1
(4.8)
−7.1
(19.2)
2.2
(36.0)
9.6
(49.3)
15.5
(59.9)
19.2
(66.6)
17.3
(63.1)
10.0
(50.0)
1.7
(35.1)
−7.9
(17.8)
−15.8
(3.6)
0.90
(33.62)
Precipitation mm (inches) 1.5
(0.059)
2.1
(0.083)
7.1
(0.28)
14.2
(0.559)
34.1
(1.343)
74.0
(2.913)
103.9
(4.091)
79.3
(3.122)
30.5
(1.201)
19.0
(0.748)
4.9
(0.193)
2.8
(0.11)
373.4
(14.701)
humidity 54 47 43 41 46 62 73 73 63 55 54 55 55.5
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.6 2.3 3.4 4.6 7.4 11.0 11.6 9.4 7.2 4.3 2.6 2.4 67.8
Sunshine hours 224.7 225.3 272.7 272.0 293.1 284.2 267.2 272.8 268.1 251.3 216.2 206.0 3,053.6
Source: China Meteorological Administration

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