Tongliao 通辽 |
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— Prefecture-level city — | |
通辽市 | |
Tongliao City(red) in Inner Mongolia (orange) and China | |
Tongliao
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Coordinates: | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Region | Inner Mongolia |
Elevation | 179 m (587 ft) |
Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
Website | http://www.tongliao.gov.cn/ |
Tongliao (simplified Chinese: 通辽; traditional Chinese: 通遼; pinyin: Tōngliáo Mongolian: , Töngliyao) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It borders Jilin province to the east, Liaoning to the south, Chifeng to the southwest, the Xilin Gol League to the west, and the Hinggan League to the north. The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jurim League. The area is 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi) and population is 3,028,419 (as of 31 November 2001); the city proper has 411,625 inhabitants (2001). Tongliao Power Station is located here. Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities and Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry are among the educational institutions of Tongliao. Not far from Tongliao are silica sands.
The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city is Bayisingtu ('having buildings'), while the original name of the province is Jirim. The Mongolian dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin.
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# | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) |
Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
1 | Horqin District | 科尔沁区 | Kē'ěrqìn Qū | 810,000 | 3,212 | 252 |
2 | Holingol City | 霍林郭勒市 | Huòlínguōlè Shì | 70,000 | 585 | 120 |
3 | Kailu County | 开鲁县 | Kāilǔ Xiàn | 390,000 | 4,488 | 87 |
4 | Hure Banner | 库伦旗 | Kùlún Qí | 180,000 | 4,650 | 39 |
5 | Naiman Banner | 奈曼旗 | Nàimàn Qí | 430,000 | 8,120 | 53 |
6 | Jarud Banner | 扎鲁特旗 | Zālǔtè Qí | 300,000 | 17,193 | 17 |
7 | Horqin Left Middle Banner | 科尔沁左翼中旗 | Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì Zhōng Qí |
530,000 | 9,811 | 54 |
8 | Horqin Left Back Banner | 科尔沁左翼后旗 | Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì Hòu Qí |
400,000 | 11,476 | 35 |
Ethnic groups in Tongliao, 2000 census.
Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
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Han Chinese | 1.548.721 | 51,14% |
Mongol | 1.373.470 | 45,35% |
Manchu | 88.654 | 2,93% |
Hui Chinese | 12.447 | 0,41% |
Korean | 2.709 | 0,09% |
Xibe | 781 | 0,03% |
Daur | 492 | 0,02% |
Tongliao has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, continental steppe climate (Koppen BSk), with long, cold, windy, but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly mean temperatures range from −13.5 °C (7.7 °F) in January to 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F). Much of the year's rainfall occurs from June to August, and even then dry and sunny weather dominates in the city.
Climate data for Tongliao (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | −6.8 (19.8) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
22.9 (73.2) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.1 (82.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
13.03 (55.45) |
Average low °C (°F) | −18.8 (−1.8) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
9.6 (49.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−15.8 (3.6) |
0.90 (33.62) |
Precipitation mm (inches) | 1.5 (0.059) |
2.1 (0.083) |
7.1 (0.28) |
14.2 (0.559) |
34.1 (1.343) |
74.0 (2.913) |
103.9 (4.091) |
79.3 (3.122) |
30.5 (1.201) |
19.0 (0.748) |
4.9 (0.193) |
2.8 (0.11) |
373.4 (14.701) |
% humidity | 54 | 47 | 43 | 41 | 46 | 62 | 73 | 73 | 63 | 55 | 54 | 55 | 55.5 |
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 11.0 | 11.6 | 9.4 | 7.2 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 67.8 |
Sunshine hours | 224.7 | 225.3 | 272.7 | 272.0 | 293.1 | 284.2 | 267.2 | 272.8 | 268.1 | 251.3 | 216.2 | 206.0 | 3,053.6 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration |
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