Macronaria
Eumetazoa
Macronaria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) to Late Cretaceous Periods of what are now North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The name means 'large nostrils' (from Greek makros 'big' + Latin nares 'nostrils'), in reference to the large nasal openings high on the head that probably supported fleshy resonating chambers. Macronaria consists of two main groups: the family Camarasauridae, and the clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosauriformes in turn contains the brachiosaurids and the titanosaurians and is one of the largest sauropod groups, which also contains most of the longest, tallest and most massive dinosaurs of all time.
Systematics
Phylogeny
The cladogram below follows José Luis Barco Rodríguez (2010).[5]
The cladogram below follows José L. Carballido, Oliver W. M. Rauhut, Diego Pol and Leonardo Salgado (2011).[6]
References
- ^ Zhang Xingliao; et al.; Xu, Li; Li, Jinhua; Yang, Li; Hu, Weiyong; Jia, Songhai; Ji, Qiang et al. (2009). "A New Sauropod Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Gaogou Formation of Nanyang, Henan Province". Acta Geologica Sinica 83 (2): 212. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00032.x.
- ^ Paul M. Barrett, Roger B.J. Benson and Paul Upchurch (2010). "Dinosaurs of Dorset: Part II, the sauropod dinosaurs (Saurischia, Sauropoda) with additional comments on the theropods". Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 131: 113–126.
- ^ Mateus, O.; Jacobs, L.L.; Schulp, A.S.; Polcyn, M.J.; Tavares, T.S.; Neto, A.B.; Morais; M.L.; and Antunes, M.T. (2011). "Angolatitan adamastor, a new sauropod dinosaur and the first record from Angola". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83 (1): 1–13.
- ^ Ksepka, D.T. and Norell, M.A. (2010). "The Illusory Evidence for Asian Brachiosauridae: New Material of Erketu ellisoni and a Phylogenetic Reappraisal of Basal Titanosauriformes". American Museum Novitates 3700: 1–27. doi:10.1206/3700.2. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/6087/1/N3700.pdf.
- ^ José Luis Barco Rodríguez (2010). Implicaciones filogenéticas y paleobiogeográficas del saurópodo Galvesaurus herreroi Barco, Canudo, Cuenca-Bescós y Ruiz-Omeñaca 2005.
- ^ José L. Carballido, Oliver W. M. Rauhut, Diego Pol and Leonardo Salgado (2011). "Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Tehuelchesaurus benitezii (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (2): 605–662. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00723.x. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00723.x/abstract.