'Thokcha' (Tibetan: ཐོག་ལྕགས, Wylie: thog lcags[1]; also alternatively Tibetan: གནམ་ལྕགས, Wylie: gnam lcags[2]) "sky-iron" are tektites and meteorites which are often high in iron content, refer Iron meteorite.[3] The usage of meteoric iron is common in the history of ferrous metallurgy. Historically, thokchas were held in esteem for sacred metallurgical fabrication of weapons, musical instruments and sacred tools, eg. phurba. Their inclusion as an auspicious addition in the metallurgical fabrication of sacred objects cast of Panchaloha is documented. The term has also come to denote ancient metal objects which serve as talismans made from thokcha. They are traditionally held to be endowed with magic and protective power and in this respect are comparable to Tibetan Dzi beads.
Beer (1999: p.234) holds that:
"Meteoric iron or 'sky-iron' (Tib. gnam lcags) is the supreme substance for forging the physical representation of the vajra or other iron weapons, since it has already been tempered by the celestial gods in its passage across the heavens. The indivisibility of form and emptiness is a perfect metaphor for the image of a meteorite or 'stone fallen from the sky', manifesting out of the voidness of space as a shooting star or fireball, and depositing a chunk of fused 'sky iron' on the earth below. Many vajras held by deities as weapons are described as being forged from meteorite iron, and Tibet, with its high altitude, thin atmosphere and desolate landscape, received an abundance of meteorite fragments. Tibetan vajras were often cast from meteorite iron, and as an act of sympathetic magic a piece of the meteoric iron was often returned to its original site."[4]
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One can roughly divide the thokchas into two groups, the first comprising objects of pre-Buddhist period (from about 1000 B.C. until 900 AD), the second belonging to the Buddhist period (after 7th century AD), the two periods slightly overlapping. Some of the early thokchas may be related to the Tibetan Zhang zhung culture.
Thokchas are metal objects which can have a length of about 2 cm to 15 cm. Originally they can have had a practical use such as having been part of horse harnesses, or having served as buckles, fibulae or arrow heads. They can have served as adornment for clothes or objects of daily use like lighters and purses. Thokchas can represent mythological and real animals or deities from Tibet’s Bön or Buddhist religion. Many are of a more abstract form and the meaning of these pieces remains uncertain.
The word thokcha is composed of two words, thog meaning above, first or thunderbolt and lcags meaning iron or metal. The meaning of thokcha can thus be given as “first or original iron” or “thunderbolt iron”. The popular belief is that thokchas can be formed naturally or magically when a thunderbolt strikes the earth. According to other beliefs tokchas are composed of meteoritical metal and found by chance on or under the ground by a lucky person. However, most of the thokchas were intentionally designed as talismans and are made of a copper alloy. [6]