| Pyramid of El Tepozteco | |
|---|---|
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The Aztec pyramid of El Tepozteco |
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| Basic information | |
| Location | Morelos. |
| State | Morelos |
| Municipality | Tepoztlan |
| Status | ruined |
| Website | El Tepozteco at INAH (Spanish) |
| Architectural description | |
| Architectural type | Temple |
| Architectural style | Aztec |
| Direction of façade | WNW |
| Specifications | |
| Height (max) | 12.4 meters |
El Tepozteco is an archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. It consists of a small temple to the Aztec god Tepoztecatl, a god of the alcoholic pulque beverage.[1]
In the middle Postclassic Period, various terraces and a small pyramid were built on one of the peaks of the Sierra de Tepoztlan, overlooking the pre-Columbian town of Tepoztlan. The temple became important enough to attract pilgrims from as far away as Guatemala, although the cult of Tepoztecatl was local to this site.[1][2]
Contents |
The temple itself stands at the western side of the site. It consists of a 6.4-meter-high platform supporting a 3.3-meter-high temple base. Upon this stand the remains of the temple building, the remains of which now stand 2.7 meters high.[1] The temple was formed of two rooms. The first room opened onto the temple stairs, with two pillars flanking the entrance. In the centre of this room a small hollow was found, containing traces of charcoal and copal.[1][3]
The entry to the small inner sanctum was also flanked by two pillars. The sculpture of Tepoztecatl was probably kept in this room.[1][3]
The temple was modified several times during its history. The first consisted of a narrowing of the entrance to the inner sanctum by building flanking walls against the formerly free-standing inner pillars.[1][3] The second, and most important, modification was the addition of stone benches and a small projecting cornice. On the cornice are bas-reliefs of the glyphs of the 20 days of the sacred tonalpohualli calendar.[1] Other glyphs include a turquoise crown and a shield with arrows, which have led investigators to conclude that the benches were built by the Triple Alliance some time after 1452 A.D., the year when the Alliance conquered Tepoztlan.[1]
Dwellings were built on the terraces on the eastern side of the site in order to house the resident priests and their helpers.[1]
In the ruins of the temple were found two fallen stones with glyphs, one stone bears the name of the eighth Aztec emperor Ahuizotl, the other with the calendrical date "10 rabbit". This date represents the year 1502 A.D., the year that this emperor died. From this, some archeologists have concluded that this was the year in which the temple was built, others suggest that these stones were added later to commemorate the death of the Aztec emperor.[1] Another interpretation views the temple as being built by the Aztecs after they conquered Tepoztlan, to commemorate the victories of Ahuizotl.[4]