Thenkalai
Thenkalai (Tamil: தென்கலை, தென்னாசாரிய சம்பிரதாயம்)[1] are a subsect of the Vaishnavite Iyengar community of Hindu Brahmins. Thenkalais are followers of Ramanuja, Pillai Lokacharya and Manavala Mamuni.
Differences with Vadakalai Srivaishnavas
The main difference lies in doctrine i.e. the relation of divine grace to human response. Thenkalais are more adept in the Tamil language than their counterparts. The main views of Thenkalais that are not in line with Vadakalais are:
- Thenkalai Iyengars lay more emphasis on worship of Vishnu while Vadakalais assign an equally important place to Vishnu's consort Lakshmi.
- Thenkalais do not ring bells during worship.
- Though both Vadakalais and Thenkalais revere Sanskrit, the Thenkalais place a higher important to Tamil shlokas than Sanskrit.
- Unlike Vadakalai Iyengars, Thenkalai Iyengars forbid widows to shave (tonsure) their head. While Vadakalais support the tonsure quoting the Manusmriti,[2] Thenkalais oppose it quoting the Parashara Smriti.[3]
- Thenkalais accept that kaivalya is in an eternal position within the realm of Vaikuntha. They say, however, that kaivalya only exists at the outer most regions of Vaikuntha.
- Thenkalais say that God's seemingly contradictory nature as both minuscule and immense are examples of God's special powers that enable Him to accomplish the impossible.
- Thenkalais take prapatti as the only means to attain salvation;[4] while the Vadakalais believe in Karmayoga, Jnanayoga, Bhaktiyoga and Prapatti as means to salvation.[5][6]
- Thenkalais accept Prapatti as an unconditional surrender, while the Vadakalais consider prapatti as an act of winning grace.[7]
- According to Thenkalais , exalted persons need not perform duties such as sandyavandanam; they do so only to set a good example.
- Thenkalai iyengars follow Manavala Mamunigal and Pillai Lokacharya, while the Vadakalai Iyengars follow Vedanta Desika.[8]
Additionally, it is believed that while the Vadakalai society was rigid, the Thenkalai society, on the contrary, accepted a significant proportion of the non-Brahmin population into its fold.[9]
Mutts
The Thenkalai Iyengars are generally followers of Vanamamalai mutt and Sriperumdur mutt in Kanchipuram district, Tirukkoilur mutt in Viluppuram district[10] and Tirumala Jeeyar Swamy Mutt in Tirupati.[11]
Thenkalai Thirumann - Holy Mark
List of people of Thenkalai Iyengar descent
- Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887–1920), Indian mathematician, of patrilineal Thenkalai descent.[12]
- Ariyakkudi Ramanuja Iyengar
- Alasinga Perumal(1863-1909), staunch supporter of Vivekananda, and one of the founding members of the magazine Brahmavadin.
- B.K.S Iyengar : Yoga expert acclaimed for Iyengar Yoga World over
- Prathivathi Bayangaram Annangaracharyar.
- Velukkudi Varadachariar.
- Velukkudi Krishnan, renowned for his upanyasam/kathakalakshepam, son of Velukkudi Varadachariar.
- K.S. Krishnan : Eminent Physicist
- Sujatha Rangarajan : novelist,writer and engineer, key behind EVM design.
- Chandilyan : writer and epic novelist
- N.Ravikiran - renowned Carnatic musician and composer, both vocal and instrument(chitravina, proponent of melharmony)
- P. B. Srinivas, playback singer from 1951-1973.
See also
Notes
- ^ Thenkalai
- ^ Pg.65 The Indian historical review, Volume 17; Indian Council of Historical Research, Vikas Pub. House
- ^ Pg.66 The Indian historical review, Volume 17; Indian Council of Historical Research, Vikas Pub. House
- ^ Pg.141 The perfectibility of human nature in eastern and western thought -By Harold G. Coward, ISBN:978-0-7914-7336-8
- ^ Philosophy of Nārāyaṇīyam, Dharma, Nārāyaṇabhaṭṭapāda, Study of Nārāyaṇīya of Nārāyaṇabhaṭṭapāda, verse work on Krishna, Hindu deity; Nag Publishers.
- ^ Ānanda and the three great acharyas, by Mysore Sivaram, Vikas Pub. House 1976
- ^ Pg.35 Harmony of religions: Vedānta Siddhānta samarasam of Tāyumānavar - By Thomas Manninezhath, ISBN:81-208-1001-5
- ^ The Journal of Oriental research, Madras, Volumes 68-70, Kuppuswami Sastri Research Institute, Mylapore
- ^ Swarnalatha, P. (2005). The world of the weaver in Northern Coromandel, c.1750-c.1850. Orient Blackswan. p. 40. ISBN 8125028684, ISBN 9788125028680.
- ^ Thurston, p 349
- ^ Tirumala Jeeyar Swamy Mutt
- ^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=TT1T8A94xNcC&pg=PA89&dq=ramanujan+thengalai#PPA89,M1
References
External links