Television in Ukraine was introduced in 1951.
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The first official broadcast took place in Kiev on 1 February 1939.[1] It was 40 minutes long and showed the portrait of Sergo Ordzhonikidze.[1] After the World War II on 6 November 1951, a Kiev tele-centre made a debut with a live broadcasting of the patriotic movie "The Great Glow".[1] Next day the telecentre went on air again by broadcasting the solemn measures of celebrating the 34th anniversary of the October Revolution.[1]
On 1 May 1952, a concert went on air (shot in the small and only pavilion of the telecentre knwon as "Studio B") of great Ukrainian singers, soloists of the Kiev Taras Shevchenko Opera Theater.[1] The anchorwoman of the concert was the Kiev Telecentre's first announcer - Novela Separionova. In 1953, the construction of the building of the Kiev Telecentre on Khreshchatyk was finished[1] right after the finishing of the Moscow and Leningrad Telecentres. Regular programs started to go on air in 1956.[1] Until that year, the Telecentre went on air twice a day showing feature films or documentaries.[1] Live broadcasting was the only form of broadcasting.[1] Recording video became usual in the mid-1960s.[1]
The first regular national channel appeared on January 20, 1965 under the name UT-1 (Ukrainian television - 1, today - Pershyi National), while on March 6, 1972 there was created the second channel UT-2.[1] In 1983 the new telecenter started to be built at the 42 Melnyk Street, which was opened already after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1993.[1]
After the Orange Revolution Ukrainian television became more free.[2] In February 2009 the National Council for Television and Radio Broadcasting claimed that "political pressure on mass media increased in recent times through amending laws and other normative acts to strengthen influence on mass media and regulatory bodies in this sphere".[3]
As of January 2009 Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko refused to appear in Inter TV-programmes "until journalists, management and owners of the TV channel stop destroying the freedom of speech and until they remember the essence of their profession - honesty, objectiveness, and unbiased stand".[4]
In 2007 and 2008 experimental DVB-T broadcasts of few channels started in Kiev and Odessa. Those turned out to be successful. Yet the DTT National Program is not approved by the government, thus the process is stuck. Because there're two versions of the Program submitted: from the Ministry of transport and communications as well as from the State committee of television and radio there's no particular progress in 2008.
On 26 November 2008 the National Program of the Ministry was approved, but the final version and the public announcement of this fact is still on hold. Current version of the Program does not take into notice any kind of Government financing, and the budget is to be private only, which will highly affect the TV industry and commercial broadcasters.
Besides there are 3rd parties, such as Television Industry Committee and National Association of Broadcasters which represent the communities of National and regional broadcasters respectively. Both organizations help the switchover not to affect the business of over 20 National and over 150 regional broadcasters.
The International Forum 'Digital Broadcasting in Ukraine' is the annual event that takes place in Kiev, Ukraine. Its mission is to gather the most of international consultants and Ukrainian specialists to solve industry's problems in the DTT field. In 2008 the 2nd International Forum took place in Kiev also. BBC, Deloitte and the Ministry of Communications of Finland representatives share the vision of possible plan of DTT implementation in Ukraine, delivering the best experiences from UK, Finland, France and US. Still none was taken into notice yet. It is now confirmed[5][6] that Ukraine's national terrestrial TV network, which is scheduled to be launched in September 2011, will use the DVB-T2 standard for all four nationwide FTA multiplexes, for both SD and HD broadcasts. Before settling for DVB-T2, Ukraine was testing both DVB-T/MPEG-2 and DVB-T/MPEG-4 options, and some experimental transmitters operating in those standards are still live.
Commercial MMDS digital TV services work in Kiev and some other cities.
DVB-C services delivering premium channels (in addition to standard analogue channels) launched in cable networks of Kiev, Odessa, Kremenchuk, Poltava, Donetsk and some other cities.
| Place | Channel | Percent (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Inter | 19.2 |
| 2 | 1+1 | 13.5 |
| 3 | "Ukraina" | 11.4 |
| 4 | ICTV | 8.4 |
| 5 | STB (СТБ) | 6.3 |
| 6 | Novyi kanal | 5.1 |
| 7 | NTN | 4.6 |
| 8 | Pervyi kanal (Russia) | 2.2 |
| 9 | Pershyi National | 2.2 |
| 10 | TET | 2.2 |
| 11 | K1 | 2 |
| 12 | 5 kanal | 1.1 |
Wilson,A. Virtual Politics - Faking Democracy in the Post-Soviet World. "Yale University Press", 2005. ISBN 0-300-09545-7
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