Tapis (Indonesian: kain tapis) is a traditional weaving style from Lampung, Indonesia. The word tapis also refers to the resulting cloth. It consists of a striped, naturally-coloured cloth embroidered with warped and couched gold thread. Traditionally using floral motifs, it has numeorus variations. It is generally worn ceremonially, although it can be used as a decoration. It is considered one of the symbols of Lampung.
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Tapis is generally made by Lampungese women. It consists of a woven, naturally coloured fabric with warped gold and silk embroidery.[1][2] The gold thread, shaped in stripes, chevrons, and checks, contrasts the colours of the fabric.[1][2] Tapis can also be decorated with beads, mica chips, or old colonial coins.[1][3][4]
The gold embroidery is affixed using couching techniques, minimalizing waste.[5] The gold thread is attached in sections, then couched with a different, less expensive, thread at turns. This ensures that none of the gold thread is used in a non-visible area.[5][6]
Traditionally, tapis has floral motifs. However, modern tapis may also be based on the weaver's own design and include non-floral motifs, such as Arabic calligraphy.[4] Other designs may include snakes, ships, and mythical creatures.[2] Some tapis, called tapis tua (old tapis), are covered entirely in golden embroidery.[7]
Although generally produced by Lampungese home industries, tapis is also produced in other areas, including Kendal, Central Java[1] and Pisang Island.[8]
Traditionally, tapis is worn as a sarong for weddings, Eid ul-Fitr celebrations, and welcoming ceremonies. However, tapis can also be used as a wall decoration.[4] When worn, it forms a cylinder around the wearer's legs.[9]
Tapis has come to be seen as a symbol of Lampung.[1]
Stevie Emilia of the Jakarta Post describes tapis as having "exceptional beauty and sophistication",[10] while Jill Forshee describes viewing tapis as "like seeing countless possibilities in art and life portrayed in cloth".[6]
The price of tapis reflects its age. Generally, the older a tapis the more it costs. Antique tapis are also collectors items, collected by both Indonesians and foreigners.[1]