The Demographics of Tajikistan is about the demographic features of the population of Tajikistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
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Tajikistan's main ethnic group are the Tajiks, with minorities such as the Uzbeks and Kyrgyz, and a small Russian minority. Because not everyone in Tajikistan is an ethnic Tajik, the non-Tajik citizens of the country are referred to as Tajikistani. The official nationality of any person from Tajikistan is a Tajikistani, while the ethnic Tajik majority simply call themselves Tajik.
Contemporary Tajiks are an Iranian people. In particular, they are descended from ancient Eastern Iranian peoples of Central Asia, such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians as well as non-Iranian peoples.[1]
Until the 20th century, people in the region used two types of distinction to identify themselves: way of life - either nomadic or sedentary - and place of residence. By the late nineteenth century, the Tajik and Uzbek peoples, who had lived in proximity for centuries and often used each other's languages, did not perceive themselves as two distinct nationalities. The modern labels were imposed artificially when Central Asia was divided into five Soviet republics in the 1920s.[1] With the formation of five Central Asian republics under the USSR, many Tajiks were forced to sign themselves as Uzbek to avoid persecution in current Uzbekistan.
Historically, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were also home to Bukharan Jews, who trace their ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel taken captive by the Babylonians in the 7th century BC, but almost no Bukharian Jews are left in Tajikistan.
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR1 | CDR1 | NC1 | TFR1 | IMR1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950-1955 | 74 000 | 20 000 | 54 000 | 44.7 | 12.2 | 32.5 | 6.00 | 160.0 |
| 1955-1960 | 89 000 | 26 000 | 63 000 | 46.1 | 13.4 | 32.7 | 6.20 | 151.1 |
| 1960-1965 | 111 000 | 30 000 | 81 000 | 48.5 | 13.1 | 35.3 | 6.30 | 142.3 |
| 1965-1970 | 110 000 | 30 000 | 80 000 | 40.5 | 11.1 | 29.4 | 6.72 | 133.4 |
| 1970-1975 | 127 000 | 30 000 | 97 000 | 39.7 | 9.4 | 30.3 | 6.83 | 124.6 |
| 1975-1980 | 138 000 | 33 000 | 105 000 | 37.2 | 8.9 | 28.4 | 5.90 | 115.7 |
| 1980-1985 | 164 000 | 34 000 | 130 000 | 38.6 | 8.0 | 30.6 | 5.54 | 106.9 |
| 1985-1990 | 198 000 | 34 000 | 164 000 | 40.2 | 7.0 | 33.2 | 5.41 | 98.0 |
| 1990-1995 | 206 000 | 52 000 | 154 000 | 37.2 | 9.4 | 27.7 | 4.88 | 88.2 |
| 1995-2000 | 195 000 | 49 000 | 146 000 | 32.7 | 8.2 | 24.5 | 4.29 | 79.6 |
| 2000-2005 | 185 000 | 45 000 | 140 000 | 29.4 | 7.1 | 22.2 | 3.81 | 63.0 |
| 2005-2010 | 187 000 | 43 000 | 144 000 | 28.1 | 6.4 | 21.6 | 3.45 | 56.0 |
| 1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births | ||||||||
Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek and other Turkic people 16.5%, Russian 1.1% (declining because of emigration), Kyrgyz 1.1% , other (including Bukharian Jews and Volga Germans) 2.6% (2000 population census).
Ethic makeup according to the population censuses from 1926 to 2000 (in thousands)[3]
Note: The category Tajiks also includes approximately 135,000 ethnic Pamiris, of which 65% are Shughni speakers, 13% are Rushani speakers, 12% speak Wakhi, 5% are Bartangi speakers, 3% are Yazgulyami speakers, 1.5% speak Khufi, and 0.8% are Ishkashimi speakers. In addition there are 5,000 speakers of Yagnobi. According to the 2000 census, excluding the people whose native languages are Pamiri or Yagnobi, Tajiks account for 77.6% of the population.
| Ethnic group |
census 19261 | census 19392 | census 19593 | census 19704 | census 19795 | census 19896 | census 2000 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |||
| Tajiks | 617,125 | 74.6 | 883,966 | 59.5 | 1,051,164 | 53.1 | 1,629,920 | 56.2 | 2,237,048 | 58.8 | 3,172,420 | 62.3 | 4,898,400 | 79.9 | ||
| Yagnobi | 1,829 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Uzbeks | 175,627 | 21.2 | 353,478 | 23.8 | 454,433 | 23.0 | 665,662 | 23.0 | 873,199 | 22.9 | 1,197,841 | 23.5 | 1,012,5007 | 16.5 | ||
| Russians | 5,638 | 0.7 | 134,916 | 9.1 | 262,610 | 13.3 | 344,109 | 11.9 | 395,089 | 10.4 | 388,481 | 7.6 | 68,200 | 1.1 | ||
| Kyrgyz | 11,410 | 1.4 | 27,968 | 1.9 | 25,635 | 1.3 | 35,485 | 1.2 | 48,376 | 1.3 | 63,832 | 1.3 | 65,500 | 1.1 | ||
| Turkmen | 4,148 | 0.5 | 4,040 | 0.3 | 7,115 | 0.4 | 11,043 | 0.4 | 13,991 | 0.4 | 20,487 | 0.4 | 20,300 | 0.3 | ||
| Tatars | 950 | 0.1 | 18,296 | 1.2 | 56,893 | 2.9 | 70,803 | 2.4 | 79,529 | 2.1 | 79,442 | 1.6 | 19,000 | 0.3 | ||
| Arabs | 3,260 | 0.4 | 2,290 | 0.2 | 1,297 | 0.1 | 248 | 0.0 | 176 | 0.0 | 276 | 0.0 | 14,500 | 0.2 | ||
| Others | 7,180 | 0.9 | 60,137 | 4.0 | 120,750 | 6.1 | 142,332 | 4.9 | 158,812 | 4.2 | 169,824 | 3.3 | 29,100 | 0.5 | ||
| Total | 827,2167 | 1,485,091 | 1,979,897 | 2,899,602 | 3,806,220 | 5,092,603 | 6,127,500 | |||||||||
| 1 Source: [1]. 2 Source: [2]. 3 Source: [3]. 4 Source: [4]. 5 Source: [5]. 6 Source: [6] 7 including 51,000 Lakai, 15,100 Kongrat, 4,900 Katagan, 3,700 Barlos and 1,100 Yuz | ||||||||||||||||
Several dialects of Tajik (a variety of the Persian language) are spoken, and it is is the official language.[4] Russian is widely used in both government and business. The different ethnic minorities speak different languages, for instance Uzbek. In the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Shughni as well as other Pamir languages are spoken. In the northern Yaghnob valley, the Yaghnobi language is still spoken.
According to a 2009 U.S. State Department release, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim, (approximately 95% Sunni and 3% Shia).[5] The remaining 2% of the population are Jews, Zoroastrians and ethnic Russian followers of Russian Orthodoxy.
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook as of September 2009, unless otherwise indicated.
7,349,145 (2009 est.)
0–14 years: 34.3% (male 1,282,681/female 1,238,607)
15–64 years: 62.1% (male 2,260,552/female 2,303,034)
65 years and over: 3.6% (male 112,334/female 151,937) (2009 est.)
1.88% (2009 est.)
-1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
total population: 65.33 years
male: 62.29 years
female: 68.52 years (2009 est.)
Education is required through high school (12 years of schooling) but completion rate is under 90%;
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.5%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.2% (2000 census)
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